Oncology quiz Flashcards
What is cancer, which one is true?
a. Cancer is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells
b. Cancer cells are highly dependent on growth factors to proliferate
c. Cellular differentiation is often maintained for cancer cells
d. A cancer cell cannot be destroyed by immune cells
A
Which one of the following if FALSE?
a. Benign tumours are never locally invasive
b. Both benign and malignant tumours can grow
c. Late intervention is less likely to achieve a cure/prolonged survival
d. Tumours rarely spontaneously resolve
A
In which of the following situations will be appropriate to “wait and see”?
a. A dog covered in multiple masses
b. Where there are financial constraints for the owners
c. When there are significant comorbidities
d. After a cytological diagnosis
D
What is tumour grading?
a. It is to histologically determine the most likely cell of origin of the tumour
b. It is to determine the degree of malignancy of a tumour based on histological characteristics
c. It is to determine if the tumour has spread to other organs
d. It is to determine the degree of invasiveness of the tumour to the surrounding tissues
B
What is tumour staging?
a. It is to histologically determine the most likely cell of origin of the tumour
b. It is to determine the degree of malignancy of a tumour based on histological characteristics
c. It is to determine if the tumour has spread to other organs
d. It is to determine the degree of invasiveness of the tumour to the surrounding tissues
C
A dog presents with a mass in the brachium and you suspect a soft tissue sarcoma.
You can take a FNA or a biopsy. Which one you recommend?
a. Cytology because it should be sufficient to get a diagnosis.
b. Histopathology because cytology of STS is always non-diagnostic
c. Cytology to avoid anaesthetising the dog
d. Histopathology because it will determine if we can remove the tumour completely
A
In radiotherapy what is fractionation?
a. It is the principle to treat small areas of the intended area to irradiate to reduce the risk of side effects
b. It is the principle of giving multiple large doses to achieve a better long term tumour control and minimal side effects
c. It is the principle of giving multiple small doses to achieve a better long term tumour control
d. It is the principle of giving two doses at separate times to achieve a bigger effect than a single fraction
C - limit side effects
Which one of the following radiation side effects should we expect at the end of the protocol (acute side effect)?
a. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
b. Erythema
c. Dry eye (lack of tear production)
d. Vomiting and diarrhoea
B
- no vomiting and diarrhoea with RT
Which one of the following radiation side effects should we expect weeks or months after the end of the protocol (late side effect)?
a. Permanent alopecia
b. Erythema
c. Ulceration
d. Conjunctivitis
A
Which is the most common form of lymphoma in the dog?
a. Multicentric
b. Alimentary (GI)
c. Mediastinal
d. Extranodal
A
A dog presents to your practice with generalised lymphadenopathy. The dog is otherwise well. What would you recommend?
a. Infectious disease panel
b. Treat the dog with antibiotics and see again in a week
c. Book the dog in for LN removal or biopsy the following day
d. FNA of several lymph nodes
D
What are the most common side effects of chemotherapy in dogs and cats?
a. Myelosuppression and cardiac toxicity
b. GI toxicity and renal toxicity
c. Myelosuppression and sterile haemorrhagic cystitis
d. Myelosuppression and GI toxicity
D
A cat has just been diagnosed with GI intermediate/high grade lymphoma in your practice. You recommend chemotherapy but the owner would like to know about
prognosis first. What would you recommend?
a. Immunophenotyping
b. The cat presented with little clinical signs so the prognosis should be good (substage a)
c. PARR
d. Start chemotherapy and see
e. euthanasia due to poor outcome
D - only prognostic is response to chemotherapy
Which one of the following signs are NOT seen in dogs with multiple myeloma?
a. Epistaxis
b. Hyperglobulinemia
c. Excessive panting
d. Seizures
e. Hypotension
E - bleeding often not serious enough to cause hypotension
hyperglobulinaemia - (B-cells = myeloma)
What is the mechanism of action of vinka alkaioids (vincristine and vinblastine)?
a. They interfere with the mitotic spindle formation
b. They are cycle specific drugs that act only on cells in G0
c. They affect cells in all parts of the cell cycle.
d. The inhibit growth receptors at the surface of the cells
A
