Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y4 - Small Animals > Investigating pancreatic disease > Flashcards

Investigating pancreatic disease Flashcards

1
Q

What problems can you get with the pancreas?

A
  • Pancreatitis
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
  • Neoplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does acute pancreatitis occur?

A
  • Trypsinogen gets activated to trypsin by an aetiological factor
  • Trypsin activates other proteases and directly damages tissue
  • The other proteases also cause tissue damage
  • This leads to the cascade initiation = coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement + kallikrein-kinin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are predisposing factors for acute pancreatitis?

A
  • Breed - spaniels + terriers
  • Sex - Female > Male, Neuter > Entire
  • Obesity
  • Drugs
  • Concurrent diseases
  • Dietary factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is feline pancreatitis associated with?

A
  • Cholangitis
  • IBD
  • Hepatic lipidosis
  • Diabetes mellitus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are clinical signs of pancreatitis in dogs?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Anorexia
  • Vomiting
  • Weakness
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhoea
  • Jaundice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are clinical signs of pancreatitis in cats?

A
  • Lethargy
  • Anorexia
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed?

A

1* History + physical exam
2* Lab tests
3* Diagnostic imaging - radiography + US
4* Pancreatic biopsy - only for chronic cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would you see on haematology and biochemistry with acute pancreatitis?

A
  • Increased white blood cells
  • Increased glucose / decreased calcium
  • Increased liver enzymes
  • Jaundice (increased bilirubin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are pancreatic enzyme tests?

A
  • Total amylase + lipase
  • Pancreatic lipase - more specific, less affected by azotaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are your cut off values for amylase, lipase + pancreatic lipase?

A
  • Amylase <2000iu/l
  • Lipase <200iu/l
  • Pancreatic lipase 2.2-102ng/ml
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is needed for definitive diagnosis?

A
  • Pancreatic biopsy
  • usally done at surgery - sometimes laparoscopy
  • anaesthesia can exacerbate pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is treatment of pancreatitis?

A
  • Supportive!!
  • nutritional support
    -pancreatic enzymes
  • fluid therapy
  • analgesia
  • anti-emetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is initial dietary therapy?

A
  • First 3-7days
  • Feed as soon as vomiting stops + nutritional support
  • Use feeding tube if possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is interim diet therapy?

A
  • From day 3-28ish
  • Small amounts of water, start food cautiously
  • Low fat diet, small frequent meals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is long term diet therapy?

A
  • From 3 weeks onwards
  • weight management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What analgesia could you use to treat pancreatitis?

A
  • Avoid NSAIDs
  • Buprenorphine
  • Paracetamol (dogs)
  • Tramadol
  • Gabapentin
17
Q

What are the 3 aetiologies of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A
  1. Pancreatic acinar atrophy - most common in dogs, (GSD + rough collies)
  2. Pancreatic hypoplasia - rare congenital (<6mo), associated juvenile diabetes mellitus
  3. Chronic pancreatitis - most common in cats
18
Q

What are clinical signs of EPI in dogs?

A
  • Faecal changes - large volumes, foul smelling, greasy, putty like
  • Appetite changes - polyphagia, coprophagia, pica (depraved appetite)
  • Vomiting
  • Poor coat condition
  • Weight loss
19
Q

How is EPI diagnosed?

A
  • Trypsin-like immunoreactivity
  • normal dogs >5ug/l
  • dogs with EPI <2.5ug/l
    subclinical EPI = repeatedly 2.5-5ug/l
20
Q

What is treatment of EPI?

A
  • Pancreatic enzyme - mix with each meal + feed
    -uncoated dry powder
    -enteric coated granules
    -fresh-frozen pancreas
  • Treat complications = antibacterials, acid blockers
21
Q

What is dietary management of EPI?

A
  • Feed highly digestible diet - NOT high fibre
  • cobalamin supplementation if deficient (poor prognostic indicator)
22
Q

What are clinical signs of EPI in cats?

A
  • Very similar to dogs
  • Weight loss (or poor growth)
  • Diarrhoea
  • Polyphagia, coprophagia, anorexia, flatulence
  • Vomiting
  • Signs of any concurrent disease
  • Lethargy, hair loss, PU/PD, weakness
23
Q

How is EPI diagnosed in cats?

A
  • Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity
24
Q

What is treatment of EPI in cats?

A
  • Oral pancreatic enzyme
  • Cobalamin
  • Dietary modification
  • Antibacterials
  • Treat other diseases
25
Q
A

Y4 - Small Animals (105 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions