Common Conditions of the Elbow Flashcards
1
Q
What can cause elbow Dysplasia? Predisposed breeds?
A
- Breeds = Medium-large dog = labrador, rottweiler, bernese mountain dog
- Elbow incongruity
- Fragmentation of medial coronoid process / medial coronoid disease
- OCD of medial aspect of humeral condyle
- Ununited anconeal process
2
Q
What is elbow incongruency?
A
- Short radius =
-Premature closure of the proximal or distal radial growth plate
-Contribution to MCD - Short Ulna Syndrome =
-Premature closure of the distal ulna physis
-Contribution to MCD + UAP
3
Q
How can you treat elbow incongruency?
A
- Bone lengthening procedures = osteotomies
4
Q
What can cause medial coronoid disease?
A
- Genetics
- Nutrition
- Gender = Male>females (2:1)
- Disturbance of endochondral ossification + mechanical overload
5
Q
What is conservative Tx of medial coronoid disease?
A
- Analgesia = NSAIDs, Paracetamol
- Nutraceuticals
- Weight control
- Controlled exercise
- Physio / hydrotherapy
6
Q
What is Surgical Tx of medial coronoid disease?
A
- Fragment removal
- Subtotal coronoidectomy
- Biceps ulnar release procedure
- Load transfer procedures
- Bone resurfacing procedures
- Salvage procedure = total elbow replacement
7
Q
What is seen with Osteochondrosis/ Osteochondritis? Dx?
A
- Disturbance of endochondral ossification, cartilage thickening
- CS = 5-8m/o, lameness, joint effusion
- Dx = radiography
8
Q
Tx of OCD?
A
- Cartilage flap removal + debridement of subchondral bone
- Osteochondral autogenous transfer
- Synthetic osteochondral transplant
9
Q
What animals tend to get ununited anconeal process?
A
- Breeds predisposed include Bassets, GSDs, BMD, mastiffs
- Typically present at 5 – 12 months of age
- Bilateral in 20% - 35% of cases
- Male 2:1 Female
- Concurrent MCD in up to 30% of cases
10
Q
Pathogenesis of ununited anconeal process?
A
- Secondary centre of ossification only present in 16% of dogs
- Joint incongruency
11
Q
Dx of UAP?
A
- Clinical exam
- Radiography - flexed mediolateral view
12
Q
UAP Tx?
A
- Conservative in mild lameness
*Surgery =
-Removal of anconeal process - only last resort
-Anconeal process reattachment + Ulnar osteotomy
13
Q
How can you diagnose elbow dysplasia?
A
- Arthroscopy
- CT
- Radiographs for - UAP + OCD
14
Q
What can cause lameness of an elbow?
A
- Humeral intracondylar fissure - can present asymptomatic
- Elbow dysplasia
15
Q
Tx of humeral intercondylar fissure?
A
- 20% will fracture if do nothing
- 17-70% change of complication with prophylactic surgery
