Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > oesophageal disorders > Flashcards

oesophageal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

spinal level that oesophagus begins

A

C6 (level of cricoid cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

spinal level oesophagus ends

A

T11-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

heartburn as a symptom

A

retrosternal discomfort/burning
may be assoc w waterbrash, cough

consequence of reflux of acidic and/or billious gastric contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dysphagia

A

subjective sensation of difficulty in swallowing foods and/or liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

causes of oesophageal dysphagia

A 
benign stricture
malignant stricture
motility disorders e.g. achalasia 
eosinophilic oesophagitis
extrinsic compression e.g. lung Ca
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

motility disorders: hypermotility

A

e.g. diffuse oesophageal spasl

corkscrew appearance on Ba swallow
severe epidsodic chest pain +/- dysphagia

exaggerated, uncoordinated, hypertonic contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

management of hypermotility

A

smooth muscle relaxants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

motility disorders: hypomotility

A

assoc with CTD, diabetes, neuropathy

causes failure of LOS leading to heartburn and reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

achalasia

A

functional loss of myenteric plexus ganglion cells in distal oesophagus and LOS

failure of LOS to relax –> functional distal obstruction of oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

achalasia symptoms

A 
progressive dysphagia 
weight loss
chest pain
regurgitation 
chest infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

treatment of achalasia

A

nitrites, CCB
botox
pneumatic balloon dilation
myotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

complications of achalasia

A

aspirtation pneumonia
lung disease
inc risk of squamous cell oesophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GORD

A

due to pathological acid (and bile) exposure in lower oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GORD symptoms

A

heartburn
cough
waterbrash
sleep disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

GORD risk factors

A 
pregnancy
obesity 
drugs lowering LOS pressure
smoking 
alcoholism
hypomitility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is endoscopy performed in GORD

A

prescence of ‘alarm features’

  • dysphagia
  • weight loss
  • vomiting
17
Q

GORD aetiology: normal anatomy

A
  • inc transient relaxation LOS
  • hypotensive LOS
  • delayed gastric emptying
  • delayed oesophageal emptying
  • dec oesphageal acid clearance
  • dec tissue resistance to acid/bile
18
Q

GORD aetiolgy: abnormal anatomy

A

Hiatus hernia

anatomical distortion of the OG junction

19
Q

hiatus hernia

A

2 types: sliding and para-oesophageal

fundus of stomach moves proximally through diaphragmatic hiatus

20
Q

GORD pathophysiology

A

mucosa exposed to acid-pepsin and bile
inc cell loss and regenerative activity (inflammation)
erosive oesophagitis

21
Q

GORD complications

A

ulceration
stricture
glandular metaplasia - Barrett’s oesophagus
-carcinoma

22
Q

Barrett’s oesophagus

A

inestinal metaplasia related to prolonged acid exposure in distal oesophagua

change from squamous to mucin secreting columnar epithelium

precursor to dysplasia/adenocarcinoma

23
Q

pharmacological treatment of GORD

A

alginates (gaviscon)
H2RA (ranitidine)
proton pump inhibitor (omepazole)

24
Q

surgical treatment GORD

A

fundoplication

25
Q

oesophageal cancer types

A

squamous cell carcinoma

adenocarcinoma

26
Q

oesophageal cancer presentation

A 
progressive dysphagia
weight loss
odynophagia
chest pain 
cough 
pneunonia 
vocal cord paralysis 
haematemesis
27
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

occur in proximal and middle third of oesophagus

tobacco and alcohol as risk factors

28
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

occurs in distal oesophagus

barrett’s oesophagus, obesity, male

29
Q

oesphageal cancer diagnosing it

A

endoscopy and biopsy

30
Q

oesophageal Ca - staging investigations

A

CT
endoscopic USS
PET Scan
bone scan

31
Q

oesophageal Ca treatment

A

oesophagectomy +/- adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy

32
Q

eosinophilic eospaphagitis

A

chronic immune/allergen-mediated condition

oespphageal dysfunction and eosinophilic infiltration of the oesophageal epithelium

33
Q

eosinophilic oesophagitis presentation

A

dysphagia

food bolus obstruction

34
Q

eosinophilic oesophagitis treatment

A

topical/oral steroids
dietary elimination
endoscopic dilatation

GI (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions