Grand tour of alimentary canal

Question 1

functions of digestive system

Answer 1

digestion
secretion
absorption
motility

Question 2

mouth

Answer 2

foodstuffs broken down by chewing

saliva as lubricant

Question 3

oesophagus

Answer 3

conduit between mouth and stomach

Question 4

pancreas

Answer 4

digestive enzymes dor digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

Question 5

stomach

Answer 5

digestion of proteins
foodstuffs reduced to liquid form
storage
sterilisation

Question 6

liver

Answer 6

bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intentine

Question 7

gallbladder

Answer 7

store and concentrae bile

Question 8

small intestine

Answer 8

final stages chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 9

large intestine

Answer 9

water absorption, bacterial fermentation

formation faeces

Question 10

four histological layers

Answer 10

mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae)
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa/adventitia

Question 11

mucosa: epithelium

Answer 11

synthesis and secretion digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus
absorbs products of digestion
differs along lenght of gut tube - adapts for function

Question 12

which areas have stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 12

mouth
oesaphagus
anal canal

Question 13

which areas have simple columnar epithelium

Answer 13

stomach

small & large intestine

Question 14

mucosa: lamina propria

Answer 14

loose connective tissue (glands, blood/lymph vessels)

Question 15

mucosa: muscularis mucosae

Answer 15

thin smooth muscle layer

Question 16

submucosa

Answer 16

thick, irregular connective tissue

contains neurones, blood evessels, lymphatic vessels

Question 17

serosa/adventitia

Answer 17

connective tissue outer layer of alimentary canal

Question 18

serosa/adventitia: outside peritoneal cavity

Answer 18

adventitia attaches oesophagus and rectum to attaching structures

Question 19

serosa/adventitia: inside peritoneal cavity

Answer 19

serosa surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine

Question 20

muscularis externa

Answer 20

two concentric layers smooth muscle

inner layer: circular muscle (constrict lumen)
outer layer: longitudinal muscle (shortens tube)

produce motility

myenteric plexus between layers

Question 21

submucosal + myenteric nerve plexuses

Answer 21

enteric nervous system - independant control of gut function

Question 22

parasympathetic control alimentary function

Answer 22

vagus nerve (expect salivation: CNVII and IX) 
stimulatory: increase secretion and motility

Question 23

sympathetic control alimentary function

Answer 23

splanchnic nerve
inhibitory (except salivation)
decrease secretion and motility

Question 24

arterial supply to GIT

Answer 24

desc abdo aorta: ceoliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery

Question 25

what does coeliac trunk supplu

Answer 25

stomach
small intestine
pancreas
liver

Question 26

what does SMA supply

Answer 26

small intestine
caecum
asc colon
transverse colon

Question 27

what does IMA supply

Answer 27

desc colon
sigmoid colon
rectum