OCD

Question 1

brain areas associated with OCD

Answer 1

froto-striatal irregularities

Question 2

obsessions

Answer 2

intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges

Question 3

compulsions

Answer 3

thoughts or actions to neutralize thoughts

Question 4

function of compulsive behaviors

Answer 4

to reduce anxiety or distress, as well as to prevent feeared otucome

Question 5

lifetime prevalence OCD

Answer 5

2.6%

Question 6

When is ocd onset

Answer 6

young adulthood, though some cases ine arly adolescence

Question 7

fmri findings suggest

Answer 7

distruption in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuit

Question 8

4 maintaining factors of OCD

Answer 8

obsessive beliefs
intolerance of uncertainty
overvalued ideation
reinforcement of behaviors by others

Question 9

main treatment OCD

Answer 9

CBT

Question 10

medication of OCD

Answer 10

clomipramine and other SSRIs-60% of patients benefit

Question 11

what part of brain use deep brains timulatipn

Answer 11

anterior limb of internal capsuel

Question 12

what is used in extreme cases

Answer 12

cingultomy

Question 13

body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 13

characterized by preoccupation and intrusive thoughts related to perceived physical flaw or abnormality

Question 14

surgery and BDD

Answer 14

does NOT resolve the BDD symptoms and may increase severity

Question 15

treatment of BDD (3)

Answer 15

psychotherapy-CBT
exposure to feared situations
attention retraining-focus on whole person

Question 16

Hoarding disorder

Answer 16

difficulty discarding possessions regardless of value due to perceived need to save–results in clinically significant impairment or distress

Question 17

prevalence of hoarding disorder

Answer 17

2-6%

Question 18

prevalence trichotillomania

Answer 18

1-2%

Question 19

lifetime prevalence of excoriating disorder

Answer 19

1.4%

Question 20

picking in excoriating disorder is NOT in response to

Answer 20

subjective sense of anxiety; rather a subjective sensation on skin (including past picked ares)

Question 21

to have PTSD, you need symptoms in each of these four clusters

Answer 21

intrustions
avoidance
alterations in cognition/mood
hyperarousal

Question 22

PTSD symptoms must last

Answer 22

more than one month

Question 23

PTSD symptoms less than one month

Answer 23

acute stress disorder

Question 24

PTSD lifetime prevalence

Answer 24

8.7%

Question 25

prevalence of lifetime trauma

Answer 25

60%

Question 26

what counts as trauma

Answer 26

person exposed to event either him/herself, witnessing, learning from a close relative/friend, experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to averse details of events (first responders collecering body parts)

Question 27

types of intrusion

Answer 27

recurrent distressing memories recurrent distressing dreams flashbacks (dissociative reactions) intense/prolonged reaction to traumatic reminders marked physiological reactivity to traumatic reminders

Question 28

negative alterations in cognition and mood associated with 2 or more of following

Answer 28

inability to remember important aspect of traumatic event persistent and exaggerated negative expectations about one's self ,others, or world persistent distorted blame of self or others about why the trauma occurred persistent negative emotional state markedly diminished interest or participation significant activities feeling detached or estranged fro others persistent inability to experience positive emotins

Question 29

alterations in arousal and reactivity that are associated with traumatic event (that began or worsened after traumatic event)-2 needed

Answer 29

``` irriatble/aggressive behavior reckless/self-destructive behavior hypervigilance exaggerated startle response problems in concentration sleep distrubance ```

Question 30

strongest psychotherpay for ptsd

Answer 30

EMDR-wave finger and have them track it with their eyes holding memory in mind

Question 31

learning theory perspective reinforces

Answer 31

repeated exposure to objectively harmless conditioned stimuli (anxiety/intrusive symptoms)-->extinction of anxiety and fear response

Question 32

emotional processing therapy

Answer 32

expose to trauma, memory, and overgeneralized associations with trauma-related appraisals therapist provides corrective information and expereince that is incompatible with trauma-related appraisals and new learning occurs

Question 33

prolonged exposure terapy

Answer 33

education about common reactions to trauma breathing retrained prolonged exposure in safe situations

Question 34

cognitive processing therapy

Answer 34

emphasis on distorted thoughts and beliefs resulting from maladpative learning following traumatic events emphasis on connection between thoughts and feelings. "stuck points" that hang up patient ==>improved sense of control over trauma memory and its influence on life