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OCD Flashcards

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1
Q

brain areas associated with OCD

A

froto-striatal irregularities

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2
Q

obsessions

A

intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges

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3
Q

compulsions

A

thoughts or actions to neutralize thoughts

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4
Q

function of compulsive behaviors

A

to reduce anxiety or distress, as well as to prevent feeared otucome

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5
Q

lifetime prevalence OCD

A

2.6%

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6
Q

When is ocd onset

A

young adulthood, though some cases ine arly adolescence

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7
Q

fmri findings suggest

A

distruption in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuit

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8
Q

4 maintaining factors of OCD

A

obsessive beliefs
intolerance of uncertainty
overvalued ideation
reinforcement of behaviors by others

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9
Q

main treatment OCD

A

CBT

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10
Q

medication of OCD

A

clomipramine and other SSRIs-60% of patients benefit

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11
Q

what part of brain use deep brains timulatipn

A

anterior limb of internal capsuel

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12
Q

what is used in extreme cases

A

cingultomy

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13
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

characterized by preoccupation and intrusive thoughts related to perceived physical flaw or abnormality

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14
Q

surgery and BDD

A

does NOT resolve the BDD symptoms and may increase severity

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15
Q

treatment of BDD (3)

A

psychotherapy-CBT
exposure to feared situations
attention retraining-focus on whole person

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16
Q

Hoarding disorder

A

difficulty discarding possessions regardless of value due to perceived need to save–results in clinically significant impairment or distress

17
Q

prevalence of hoarding disorder

A

2-6%

18
Q

prevalence trichotillomania

A

1-2%

19
Q

lifetime prevalence of excoriating disorder

A

1.4%

20
Q

picking in excoriating disorder is NOT in response to

A

subjective sense of anxiety; rather a subjective sensation on skin (including past picked ares)

21
Q

to have PTSD, you need symptoms in each of these four clusters

A

intrustions
avoidance
alterations in cognition/mood
hyperarousal

22
Q

PTSD symptoms must last

A

more than one month

23
Q

PTSD symptoms less than one month

A

acute stress disorder

24
Q

PTSD lifetime prevalence

A

8.7%

25
Q

prevalence of lifetime trauma

A

60%

26
Q

what counts as trauma

A

person exposed to event either him/herself, witnessing, learning from a close relative/friend, experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to averse details of events (first responders collecering body parts)

27
Q

types of intrusion

A

recurrent distressing memories
recurrent distressing dreams
flashbacks (dissociative reactions)
intense/prolonged reaction to traumatic reminders
marked physiological reactivity to traumatic reminders

28
Q

negative alterations in cognition and mood associated with 2 or more of following

A

inability to remember important aspect of traumatic event

persistent and exaggerated negative expectations about one’s self ,others, or world

persistent distorted blame of self or others about why the trauma occurred

persistent negative emotional state

markedly diminished interest or participation significant activities

feeling detached or estranged fro others

persistent inability to experience positive emotins

29
Q

alterations in arousal and reactivity that are associated with traumatic event (that began or worsened after traumatic event)-2 needed

A 
irriatble/aggressive behavior
reckless/self-destructive behavior
hypervigilance
exaggerated startle response
problems in concentration
sleep distrubance
30
Q

strongest psychotherpay for ptsd

A

EMDR-wave finger and have them track it with their eyes holding memory in mind

31
Q

learning theory perspective reinforces

A

repeated exposure to objectively harmless conditioned stimuli (anxiety/intrusive symptoms)–>extinction of anxiety and fear response

32
Q

emotional processing therapy

A

expose to trauma, memory, and overgeneralized associations with trauma-related appraisals

therapist provides corrective information and expereince that is incompatible with trauma-related appraisals and new learning occurs

33
Q

prolonged exposure terapy

A

education about common reactions to trauma
breathing retrained
prolonged exposure in safe situations

34
Q

cognitive processing therapy

A

emphasis on distorted thoughts and beliefs resulting from maladpative learning following traumatic events
emphasis on connection between thoughts and feelings. “stuck points” that hang up patient
==>improved sense of control over trauma memory and its influence on life

psych (25 decks)

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