OCD Flashcards
brain areas associated with OCD
froto-striatal irregularities
obsessions
intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges
compulsions
thoughts or actions to neutralize thoughts
function of compulsive behaviors
to reduce anxiety or distress, as well as to prevent feeared otucome
lifetime prevalence OCD
2.6%
When is ocd onset
young adulthood, though some cases ine arly adolescence
fmri findings suggest
distruption in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuit
4 maintaining factors of OCD
obsessive beliefs
intolerance of uncertainty
overvalued ideation
reinforcement of behaviors by others
main treatment OCD
CBT
medication of OCD
clomipramine and other SSRIs-60% of patients benefit
what part of brain use deep brains timulatipn
anterior limb of internal capsuel
what is used in extreme cases
cingultomy
body dysmorphic disorder
characterized by preoccupation and intrusive thoughts related to perceived physical flaw or abnormality
surgery and BDD
does NOT resolve the BDD symptoms and may increase severity
treatment of BDD (3)
psychotherapy-CBT
exposure to feared situations
attention retraining-focus on whole person
Hoarding disorder
difficulty discarding possessions regardless of value due to perceived need to save–results in clinically significant impairment or distress
prevalence of hoarding disorder
2-6%
prevalence trichotillomania
1-2%
lifetime prevalence of excoriating disorder
1.4%
picking in excoriating disorder is NOT in response to
subjective sense of anxiety; rather a subjective sensation on skin (including past picked ares)
to have PTSD, you need symptoms in each of these four clusters
intrustions
avoidance
alterations in cognition/mood
hyperarousal
PTSD symptoms must last
more than one month
PTSD symptoms less than one month
acute stress disorder
PTSD lifetime prevalence
8.7%
prevalence of lifetime trauma
60%
what counts as trauma
person exposed to event either him/herself, witnessing, learning from a close relative/friend, experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to averse details of events (first responders collecering body parts)
types of intrusion
recurrent distressing memories
recurrent distressing dreams
flashbacks (dissociative reactions)
intense/prolonged reaction to traumatic reminders
marked physiological reactivity to traumatic reminders
negative alterations in cognition and mood associated with 2 or more of following
inability to remember important aspect of traumatic event
persistent and exaggerated negative expectations about one’s self ,others, or world
persistent distorted blame of self or others about why the trauma occurred
persistent negative emotional state
markedly diminished interest or participation significant activities
feeling detached or estranged fro others
persistent inability to experience positive emotins
alterations in arousal and reactivity that are associated with traumatic event (that began or worsened after traumatic event)-2 needed
irriatble/aggressive behavior reckless/self-destructive behavior hypervigilance exaggerated startle response problems in concentration sleep distrubance
strongest psychotherpay for ptsd
EMDR-wave finger and have them track it with their eyes holding memory in mind
learning theory perspective reinforces
repeated exposure to objectively harmless conditioned stimuli (anxiety/intrusive symptoms)–>extinction of anxiety and fear response
emotional processing therapy
expose to trauma, memory, and overgeneralized associations with trauma-related appraisals
therapist provides corrective information and expereince that is incompatible with trauma-related appraisals and new learning occurs
prolonged exposure terapy
education about common reactions to trauma
breathing retrained
prolonged exposure in safe situations
cognitive processing therapy
emphasis on distorted thoughts and beliefs resulting from maladpative learning following traumatic events
emphasis on connection between thoughts and feelings. “stuck points” that hang up patient
==>improved sense of control over trauma memory and its influence on life
