Nutrition - Hypothyroidism Flashcards
What is hypothyroidism?
a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, often due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
what is the primary function of iodine in the body?
iodine is essential for the formation of thyroxine (T4), a key thyroid hormone
What is the recommended daily allowance of iodine for adults?
150 mcg/day
Name 3 food sources rich in iodine
seafood, sea vegetables (kelp, seaweed), and iodized salt
what role does zinc play in the body?
zinc is a component of several enzymes and is vital for protein, DNA, and RNA metabolism
What is the RDA of zinc for men and women?
11 mg for men and 8 mg for women
which mineral is important for insulin activity and glucose uptake?
chromium
what is the AI (Adequate intake) of manganese for men and women?
2.3 mg/day for men and 1.8 mg/day for women
what are goitrogens?
compounds that interfere with thyroid hormone production, often found in foods like soy and cruciferous vegetables
how can cooking affect goitrogens?
cooking can reduce the goitrogenic effects of these foods
what is the RDA of selenium for adults?
55 mcg/day
why is vitamin A important for thyroid function?
appropriate thyroid function is needed for vitamin A metabolism, and lower levels may occur in those with hypothyroidism
what are some therapeutic considerations for managing hypothyroidism
ensure adequate iodine and selenium intake, assess caloric intake, and avoid excessive iodine in medicated individuals
what is the AI for fluoride for men and women?
4 mg.day for men and 3 mg/day for women
What is the primary cause of most cases of hypothyroidism?
hashimoto’s thyroiditis
what is the RDA of iodine during pregnancy and lactation?
220 mcg/day during pregnancy and 290 mcg/day during lactation
what happens to iodine that is not used by the thyroid?
it is excreted in the urine
what are the consequences of iodine toxicity?
toxicity can result from intakes of several grams and may lead to thyroid dysfunction
what is the role of zinc in relation to alcohol consumption?
absorption of zinc is inhibited by alcohol consumption
what can excessive zinc supplementation lead to?
copper deficiency and interference with iron absorption
what are the food sources with the highest bioavailabiity of zinc?
animal sources such as seafood, meat, eggs, and milk
what is the AI for manganese, and whatare its food sources?
AI is 2.3 mg/day for men and 1.8 mg/day for women; food sources include grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and leafy vegetables
what are the potential effects of manganese toxicity?
Accumulation in the liver and CNS can lead to psychiatric disturbances and neuromuscular symptoms
what is the role of selenium in the body?
integral to selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidase, which has antioxidant properties
what are the food sources of selenium?
brazil nuts, seafood, legumes, whole grains, lean meats, and dairy products
What is the significance of fluoride in nutrition?
fluoride accumulates in calcified tissues and is important for dental health and bone formation
what are the potential effects of excessive fluoride intake?
can lead to pitted and discolored teeth, with toxicity usually associated with long-term intakes of 10 mg/day or more
how do goitrogens affect thyroid hormone production?
they interfere with the production of thyroid hormones, especially when iodine intake is low
what are some examples of foods that contain goitrogens?
cassava, soy, lima beans, linseed, sorghum, sweet potatoes, and cruciferous vegetables
what is the relationship between vitamin A and thyroid function?
appropriate thyroid function is necessary for vitamin A metabolism; hypothyroidism may lead to lower levels of vitamin A
what dietary modifications are essential for managing hypothyroidism?
incorporate iodine and selenium-rich foods, assess caloric intake, and avoid excessive iodine intake in those already medicated
what is the role of vitamin K in relation to manganese?
manganese plays a role in blood clotting and hemostasis in conjunction with vitamin K
