Nutrition - CVD Flashcards
What are key controllable factors for cardiovascular disease risk?
diet and lifestyle factors
why is cardiovascular disease often relevant to a patient’s treatment plan?
cardiovascular disease may not be the presenting concern but likely factors into care and treatment planning
Name at least 5 modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease
- high blood glucose
- hypertension
- high dietary salt intake
- low fruit/vegetable intake
- trans fat intake
how does oxidized LDL impact cardiovascular health?
it contribute to plaque formation and increases cardiovascular risk
why is low dietary ePA/DHA intake a risk factor?
these omega-3 fatty acids are crucial for cardiovascular health and reducing inflammation
What is the recommended upper limit of sodium intake for most adults?
2.5 grams per day
how much sodium is in 1 gram of salt?
approximately 387 mg of sodium
why might sodium needs vary among individuals
needs are related to loss through sweating and activity levels
where is most potassium found in the body?
intracellularly
list 3 food sources high in potassium
- avocado
- banana
- salmon
why is potassium important for muscle function?
it regulates muscle contractions and is critical for neuron activity
name 3 dietary strategies for reducing cardiovascular risk
increase omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, and plant proteins
what type of diet is commonly recommended for cardiovascular health?
the mediterranean diet
why should smoking cessation be a priority?
smoking significantly increases cardiovascular disease risk
what percentage of blood cholesterol comes from diet?
about 20%
what is a better strategy than reducing cholesterol intake?
enhancing cholesterol elimination
what are common sources of saturated fats?
butter, lard, fatty meats, and full-fat dairy
What is the daily goal for total dietary fiber intake?
30 grams per day
how does soluble fiber impact LDL cholesterol?
it helps reduce LDL levels
What does the DASH diet stand for?
dietary approaches to stop hypertension
what is the sodium limit in the lower-sodium version of the DASH diet?
1,500 mg per day
What is the daily DASH diet serving recommendations for fruits and vegetables
4-5 servings each
Are nutrient supplements effective for reducing cardiovascular risk?
evidence shows limited or no effect for most antioxidants and omega-3s
how does higher whole grain intake impact cardiovascular mortality?
each 10 gram increase is associated with a 4% risk reduction
what is the cardiovascular impact of consuming red/processed meat?
each 10-gram increase raises the risk by 1.8%
do dairy products affect cardiovascular mortality risk?
no significant association was found
