Nutrition - CVD

Question 1

What are key controllable factors for cardiovascular disease risk?

Answer 1

diet and lifestyle factors

Question 2

why is cardiovascular disease often relevant to a patient’s treatment plan?

Answer 2

cardiovascular disease may not be the presenting concern but likely factors into care and treatment planning

Question 3

Name at least 5 modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Answer 3

• high blood glucose
• hypertension
• high dietary salt intake
• low fruit/vegetable intake
• trans fat intake

Question 4

how does oxidized LDL impact cardiovascular health?

Answer 4

it contribute to plaque formation and increases cardiovascular risk

Question 5

why is low dietary ePA/DHA intake a risk factor?

Answer 5

these omega-3 fatty acids are crucial for cardiovascular health and reducing inflammation

Question 6

What is the recommended upper limit of sodium intake for most adults?

Answer 6

2.5 grams per day

Question 7

how much sodium is in 1 gram of salt?

Answer 7

approximately 387 mg of sodium

Question 8

why might sodium needs vary among individuals

Answer 8

needs are related to loss through sweating and activity levels

Question 9

where is most potassium found in the body?

Answer 9

intracellularly

Question 10

list 3 food sources high in potassium

Answer 10

• avocado
• banana
• salmon

Question 11

why is potassium important for muscle function?

Answer 11

it regulates muscle contractions and is critical for neuron activity

Question 12

name 3 dietary strategies for reducing cardiovascular risk

Answer 12

increase omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, and plant proteins

Question 13

what type of diet is commonly recommended for cardiovascular health?

Answer 13

the mediterranean diet

Question 14

why should smoking cessation be a priority?

Answer 14

smoking significantly increases cardiovascular disease risk

Question 15

what percentage of blood cholesterol comes from diet?

Answer 15

about 20%

Question 16

what is a better strategy than reducing cholesterol intake?

Answer 16

enhancing cholesterol elimination

Question 17

what are common sources of saturated fats?

Answer 17

butter, lard, fatty meats, and full-fat dairy

Question 18

What is the daily goal for total dietary fiber intake?

Answer 18

30 grams per day

Question 19

how does soluble fiber impact LDL cholesterol?

Answer 19

it helps reduce LDL levels

Question 20

What does the DASH diet stand for?

Answer 20

dietary approaches to stop hypertension

Question 21

what is the sodium limit in the lower-sodium version of the DASH diet?

Answer 21

1,500 mg per day

Question 22

What is the daily DASH diet serving recommendations for fruits and vegetables

Answer 22

4-5 servings each

Question 23

Are nutrient supplements effective for reducing cardiovascular risk?

Answer 23

evidence shows limited or no effect for most antioxidants and omega-3s

Question 24

how does higher whole grain intake impact cardiovascular mortality?

Answer 24

each 10 gram increase is associated with a 4% risk reduction

Question 25

what is the cardiovascular impact of consuming red/processed meat?

Answer 25

each 10-gram increase raises the risk by 1.8%

Question 26

do dairy products affect cardiovascular mortality risk?

Answer 26

no significant association was found