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boards prep > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

vitamin B1 name

A

thiamine

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2
Q

vitamin B2 name

A

riboflavin

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3
Q

vitamin B3 name

A

niacin

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4
Q

Vitamin B5 name

A

pantothenic acid

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5
Q

vitamin B6 name

A

pyridoxine

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6
Q

vitamin b9 name

A

folate

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7
Q

vitamin b12 name

A

cyanocobalamin

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8
Q

dry eyes, night blindness

A

vitamin A deficiency

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9
Q

pseudotumor cerebri

A

vitamin A toxicity

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10
Q

large tongue, macrocytic anemia, vegetarian

A

folate deficiency

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11
Q

macrocytic anemia, vegans, IBD/small bowel resection or parasites

A

b12 deficiency

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12
Q

bleeding gums, leg tenderness, poor wound healing

A

vitamin C deficiency

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13
Q

oxalate and cysteine nephrocalcinosis, hemolytic crisis in G6PD

A

vitamin C toxicity

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14
Q

hemolytic anemia in preemies, neuropathies, edema, thrombocytosis, muscle weakness

A

vitamin E deficiency

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15
Q

yellow child who eats carrots and apricots, normal sclera

A

carotenemic - NTD

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16
Q

hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, polyuria, polydipsia, nephrolithiasis

A

vitamin D toxicity

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17
Q

bone pain, muscle aches, proximal muscle weakness, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia

A

vitamin D deficiency

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18
Q

calculate caloric requirements by weight

A

100 kcal/kg for 1st 10 kg
50 kcal/kg for 2nd 10 kg
20 kcal/kg after that

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19
Q

infant kcal requirements

A

100-120kcal/kg/day

higher for preterm infants

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20
Q

infant protein requirements

A

2-2.5 g/kg/day

3.5 g/kg/day for preemies

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21
Q

when do preemies attain catch up growth

A

by 2 years

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22
Q

iron concentration in formula

A

12 mg/L

23
Q

when to supplement iron in infants

A

4 months if breast fed

24
Q

hematochezia with normal abdominal exam in infant

A

milk protein allergy (igE mediated, usually vomiting and rash) vs FPIES (non-IgE mediated)
both: switch to protein hydrolysate formula

25
Q

scaly dermatitis with alopecia and thrombocytopenia

A

essential fatty acid deficiency

give IV lipids (esp linoleic and linolenic acids)

26
Q

infant with extensive eczema (esp perioral and perianal), alopecia, poor growth, possibly recently weaned from breast milk

A

zinc deficiency = acrodermatitis enteropathica
breast milk facilitates zinc absorption
AR inheritance
NO LICHENIFICATION

27
Q

low serum copper, low serum ceruloplasmin, high tissue copper

A

Menkes Kinky Hair dz

X linked

28
Q

neurologic deterioration, jaundice/hepatomegaly

A

Wilson’s disease
AR inheritance
dx: liver biopsy

29
Q

total fat from medium chain triglycerides in preemie formula

A

50%

30
Q

total fat from medium chain triglycerides in breats milk

A

12%

31
Q

arachidonic acid and DHA in colostrum vs milk

A

higher in colostrum

32
Q

zinc in colostrum vs milk

A

higher in colostrum

33
Q

ergo-cholecalciferol in colostrum vs milk

A

lower in colostrum

34
Q

protein in colostrum vs milk

A

higher (esp immunoglobulins) in colostrum

35
Q

fat in colostrum vs milk

A

higher in milk

36
Q

lactose in colostrum vs milk

A

higher in milk

37
Q

kcal in colostrum vs milk

A

higher in milk

38
Q

phos in cow’s milk vs human

A

higher in cow’s milk (why infants get hypocalcemia if get cow’s milk too early)

39
Q

medications contraindicated in BF

A

flagyl, diazepam, antithyroid medications, sulfa drugs, tetracycline, cytotoxic meds

40
Q

infections contraindicated for BF

A

CMV, HIV, TB

HSV lesions on breast

41
Q

whey vs casein in human milk

A

70% whey

30% casein

42
Q

whey vs casein in cow milk

A

20% whey

80% casein

43
Q

whey vs casein in regular formula

A

20-100% whey

0-80% casein

44
Q

protein in human milk vs cow’s milk

A

cow’s milk higher protein but quality differs

45
Q

what do lactose derived oligosaccharides do

A

contained in human milk, inhibit bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces

46
Q

cutoffs for obesity

A

85th - overweight

95th - obese

47
Q

chance of obesity as an adult if obese at 6 or 12 yo

A

6yo –> 25%

12yo –> 75%

48
Q

rash, pot belly, edema, rash

A

kwashiorkor - protein deficiency

49
Q

muscle wasting without edema, underweight

A

marasmus

50
Q

complications of NG feeds

A

diarrhea > reflux

most severe- vomiting with aspiration

51
Q

diet composition in acute renal failure

A

70% carbs, >20% lipids, normal protein

low phos formula for infants

52
Q

nutrients important for wound healing

A

calories, protein, vit C, vit A, zinc, iron

53
Q

diet composition in burns

A

high carb diet, increased calcium and mag

boards prep (34 decks)

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