Nutrition Flashcards
vitamin B1 name
thiamine
vitamin B2 name
riboflavin
vitamin B3 name
niacin
Vitamin B5 name
pantothenic acid
vitamin B6 name
pyridoxine
vitamin b9 name
folate
vitamin b12 name
cyanocobalamin
dry eyes, night blindness
vitamin A deficiency
pseudotumor cerebri
vitamin A toxicity
large tongue, macrocytic anemia, vegetarian
folate deficiency
macrocytic anemia, vegans, IBD/small bowel resection or parasites
b12 deficiency
bleeding gums, leg tenderness, poor wound healing
vitamin C deficiency
oxalate and cysteine nephrocalcinosis, hemolytic crisis in G6PD
vitamin C toxicity
hemolytic anemia in preemies, neuropathies, edema, thrombocytosis, muscle weakness
vitamin E deficiency
yellow child who eats carrots and apricots, normal sclera
carotenemic - NTD
hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, polyuria, polydipsia, nephrolithiasis
vitamin D toxicity
bone pain, muscle aches, proximal muscle weakness, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia
vitamin D deficiency
calculate caloric requirements by weight
100 kcal/kg for 1st 10 kg
50 kcal/kg for 2nd 10 kg
20 kcal/kg after that
infant kcal requirements
100-120kcal/kg/day
higher for preterm infants
infant protein requirements
2-2.5 g/kg/day
3.5 g/kg/day for preemies
when do preemies attain catch up growth
by 2 years
iron concentration in formula
12 mg/L
when to supplement iron in infants
4 months if breast fed
hematochezia with normal abdominal exam in infant
milk protein allergy (igE mediated, usually vomiting and rash) vs FPIES (non-IgE mediated)
both: switch to protein hydrolysate formula
scaly dermatitis with alopecia and thrombocytopenia
essential fatty acid deficiency
give IV lipids (esp linoleic and linolenic acids)
infant with extensive eczema (esp perioral and perianal), alopecia, poor growth, possibly recently weaned from breast milk
zinc deficiency = acrodermatitis enteropathica
breast milk facilitates zinc absorption
AR inheritance
NO LICHENIFICATION
low serum copper, low serum ceruloplasmin, high tissue copper
Menkes Kinky Hair dz
X linked
neurologic deterioration, jaundice/hepatomegaly
Wilson’s disease
AR inheritance
dx: liver biopsy
total fat from medium chain triglycerides in preemie formula
50%
total fat from medium chain triglycerides in breats milk
12%
arachidonic acid and DHA in colostrum vs milk
higher in colostrum
zinc in colostrum vs milk
higher in colostrum
ergo-cholecalciferol in colostrum vs milk
lower in colostrum
protein in colostrum vs milk
higher (esp immunoglobulins) in colostrum
fat in colostrum vs milk
higher in milk
lactose in colostrum vs milk
higher in milk
kcal in colostrum vs milk
higher in milk
phos in cow’s milk vs human
higher in cow’s milk (why infants get hypocalcemia if get cow’s milk too early)
medications contraindicated in BF
flagyl, diazepam, antithyroid medications, sulfa drugs, tetracycline, cytotoxic meds
infections contraindicated for BF
CMV, HIV, TB
HSV lesions on breast
whey vs casein in human milk
70% whey
30% casein
whey vs casein in cow milk
20% whey
80% casein
whey vs casein in regular formula
20-100% whey
0-80% casein
protein in human milk vs cow’s milk
cow’s milk higher protein but quality differs
what do lactose derived oligosaccharides do
contained in human milk, inhibit bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces
cutoffs for obesity
85th - overweight
95th - obese
chance of obesity as an adult if obese at 6 or 12 yo
6yo –> 25%
12yo –> 75%
rash, pot belly, edema, rash
kwashiorkor - protein deficiency
muscle wasting without edema, underweight
marasmus
complications of NG feeds
diarrhea > reflux
most severe- vomiting with aspiration
diet composition in acute renal failure
70% carbs, >20% lipids, normal protein
low phos formula for infants
nutrients important for wound healing
calories, protein, vit C, vit A, zinc, iron
diet composition in burns
high carb diet, increased calcium and mag
