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GI Flashcards

1
Q

XR findings in appy

A

sentinel loop
absence of air in RLQ
fecalith

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2
Q

tx of IBS

A 
peppermint
high fiber diet
antispasmodics
TCAs
probiotics
psych
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3
Q

optimal composition of ORS

A

2% glucose, 90 mEq NaCl

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4
Q

stool WBCs

A

more indicative of bacterial diarrhea

methylene blue

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5
Q

poor sanitation, diarrhea in young children/neonates, mild diarrhea, sometimes fever and vomiting

A

EPEC

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6
Q

severe nonbloody diarrhea, traveling

A

ETEC

tx: bactrim, azithro, cipro

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7
Q

watery –> bloody diarrhea, mimic intussusception

A

EHEC (Shiga)

antibiotics contraindicated –> increase risk of HUS

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8
Q

dx Giardiasis

A

EIA and DFA assays of stool

tx: flagyl, tinidazole, nitazoxanide

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9
Q

reducing substance in stool

A

sugar malabsorption

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10
Q

hydrogen breath test

A

sugar malapsortion

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11
Q

serum carotene and PT

A

indirect tests for fat malabsorption (measuring A and K)

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12
Q

MOA of diarrhea in neuroblastoma

A

VIP production

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13
Q

tx of intussusception

A

air enema

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14
Q

risk factors for complications of GERD

A

prematurity
neuro impairment
family hx of severe GERD

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15
Q

lab findings in pyloric stenosis

A

hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

indirect hyperbili

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16
Q

US cutoffs for pyloric stenosis

A

length > 14 mm

thickness > 4 mm

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17
Q

tx cyclic vomiting

A

cyproheptadine
TCAs
propranolol

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18
Q

cyst on floor of mouth

A

ranula = mucocele

excision

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19
Q

midline mass in mouth

A

could be ectopic thyroid, do not excise

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20
Q

underdeveloped/absent teeth, lack of sweat pores

A

ectodermal hypoplasia
X linked
dx: skin biopsy

21
Q

dx H pylori

A

serology = screen
fecal antigen or urea breath test as confirmation
gold standard: endoscopic biopsy

22
Q

dz assoc with rectal prolapse

A

CF
increased abd pressure
meningomyelocele
parasites

23
Q

when are intestinal polyps not concerning

A

< 5 polyps and no fam hx

24
Q

FAP

A

benign adenomatous polyps in teens –> malignant conversion

25
Q

FAP + CNS tumors

A

Turcot syndrome

26
Q

GI polyps + extra teeth, soft tissue tumors

A

Gardner’s syndome
AD inheritance
tx: surgery

27
Q

pigmentation of lymphs and gums, lots of polyps

A

Peutz Jeghers
high cancer risk in many organs
tx: colonoscopies + cancer screening

28
Q

should you do a barium enema in UC

A

no, risk of perforation

29
Q

apt test

A

test if GI blood is maternal or infant’s

30
Q

false positive guaiac results

A

recent meat ingestion
horseradish
ferrous sulfate

31
Q

false negative guaiac results

A

vitamin C
old cards
improper specimen storage

32
Q

GI probs assoc with T21

A

duodenal atresia
Hirschsprungs
Meckel’s
PS

33
Q

rule of two with Meckels

A 
age of 2
2 types of tissue
2 feet from ileocecal valce
2 inches in length
2% of population
34
Q

dx in direct hyperbilirubinemia

A

hepatobiliary scintigraphy

35
Q

dx in suspected biliary atresia

A

US –> HIDA –> biopsy

36
Q

most common cause of cholestatic jaundice in newborn

A

TPN

37
Q

neonatal jaundice, fever, acholic stools, RUQ pain, palpable mass

A

choledochal cyst

38
Q

teenager with jaundice when has URI or fasting

A

Gilbert

glucuronyl transferase deficiency

39
Q

flu –> comatose with elevated LFTs and ammonia

A

Reye’s syndrome (2/2 aspirin)

40
Q

labs in Wilsons

A

elevated hepatic copper
decreased ceruloplasmin
low serum copper
increased urine copper

41
Q

tx Wilsons

A

D-penicillamine chelation, low copper diet

42
Q

SE of penicillamine

A

aplastic anemia

43
Q

lung, liver, and skin problems

A

A1AT deficiency

44
Q

how long after HAV infection to return to child care/food service

A

1 week after onset

45
Q

HAV PEP

A

IG if <12 mos

HAV if >12 mos

46
Q

complications of chronic HBV

A

hepatic failure

hepatocellular carcinoma

47
Q

complications of HCV

A

liver disease
cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma

48
Q

causes of recurrent pancreatitis

A

familial dyslipidemia

hypercalcemia

boards prep (34 decks)

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