GI Flashcards
XR findings in appy
sentinel loop
absence of air in RLQ
fecalith
tx of IBS
peppermint high fiber diet antispasmodics TCAs probiotics psych
optimal composition of ORS
2% glucose, 90 mEq NaCl
stool WBCs
more indicative of bacterial diarrhea
methylene blue
poor sanitation, diarrhea in young children/neonates, mild diarrhea, sometimes fever and vomiting
EPEC
severe nonbloody diarrhea, traveling
ETEC
tx: bactrim, azithro, cipro
watery –> bloody diarrhea, mimic intussusception
EHEC (Shiga)
antibiotics contraindicated –> increase risk of HUS
dx Giardiasis
EIA and DFA assays of stool
tx: flagyl, tinidazole, nitazoxanide
reducing substance in stool
sugar malabsorption
hydrogen breath test
sugar malapsortion
serum carotene and PT
indirect tests for fat malabsorption (measuring A and K)
MOA of diarrhea in neuroblastoma
VIP production
tx of intussusception
air enema
risk factors for complications of GERD
prematurity
neuro impairment
family hx of severe GERD
lab findings in pyloric stenosis
hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
indirect hyperbili
US cutoffs for pyloric stenosis
length > 14 mm
thickness > 4 mm
tx cyclic vomiting
cyproheptadine
TCAs
propranolol
cyst on floor of mouth
ranula = mucocele
excision
midline mass in mouth
could be ectopic thyroid, do not excise
underdeveloped/absent teeth, lack of sweat pores
ectodermal hypoplasia
X linked
dx: skin biopsy
dx H pylori
serology = screen
fecal antigen or urea breath test as confirmation
gold standard: endoscopic biopsy
dz assoc with rectal prolapse
CF
increased abd pressure
meningomyelocele
parasites
when are intestinal polyps not concerning
< 5 polyps and no fam hx
FAP
benign adenomatous polyps in teens –> malignant conversion
FAP + CNS tumors
Turcot syndrome
GI polyps + extra teeth, soft tissue tumors
Gardner’s syndome
AD inheritance
tx: surgery
pigmentation of lymphs and gums, lots of polyps
Peutz Jeghers
high cancer risk in many organs
tx: colonoscopies + cancer screening
should you do a barium enema in UC
no, risk of perforation
apt test
test if GI blood is maternal or infant’s
false positive guaiac results
recent meat ingestion
horseradish
ferrous sulfate
false negative guaiac results
vitamin C
old cards
improper specimen storage
GI probs assoc with T21
duodenal atresia
Hirschsprungs
Meckel’s
PS
rule of two with Meckels
age of 2 2 types of tissue 2 feet from ileocecal valce 2 inches in length 2% of population
dx in direct hyperbilirubinemia
hepatobiliary scintigraphy
dx in suspected biliary atresia
US –> HIDA –> biopsy
most common cause of cholestatic jaundice in newborn
TPN
neonatal jaundice, fever, acholic stools, RUQ pain, palpable mass
choledochal cyst
teenager with jaundice when has URI or fasting
Gilbert
glucuronyl transferase deficiency
flu –> comatose with elevated LFTs and ammonia
Reye’s syndrome (2/2 aspirin)
labs in Wilsons
elevated hepatic copper
decreased ceruloplasmin
low serum copper
increased urine copper
tx Wilsons
D-penicillamine chelation, low copper diet
SE of penicillamine
aplastic anemia
lung, liver, and skin problems
A1AT deficiency
how long after HAV infection to return to child care/food service
1 week after onset
HAV PEP
IG if <12 mos
HAV if >12 mos
complications of chronic HBV
hepatic failure
hepatocellular carcinoma
complications of HCV
liver disease
cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma
causes of recurrent pancreatitis
familial dyslipidemia
hypercalcemia
