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endo Flashcards

1
Q

male pubertal development sequence

A 
testicular growth
pubarche
penile growth
spermarche
peak height
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2
Q

female pubertal development sequence

A

thelarche
pubarche
peak height velocity
menarche

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3
Q

delayed puberty age cutoffs

A

girls: 13
boys: 14

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4
Q

premature adrenarche

A

elevated DHEA and DHEA-S
low testosterone

assoc: exogenous androgen, androgen secreting tumor, late onset CAH, PCOS

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5
Q

causes of premature thelarche

A

premature HPA activation
exogenous estrogen
estrogen producing tumor
benign (infants/toddlers - resolves by age 4)

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6
Q

consequence of precocious puberty

A

short adult height

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7
Q

when to use GnRH with precocious puberty

A

<6 yo
male
rapid sx
psychosocial disturbances

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8
Q

inheritance of androgen insensitivity

A

X linked

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9
Q

syndromes assoc with pan hypo pit

A

Prader Willi
Kallmann
septo-optic dysplasia

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10
Q

where does Mullerian inhib factor come from?

A

Y chromosome

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11
Q

male infant with shock and excessive scrotal pigmentation

A

CAH

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12
Q

female infant with shock and posterior labial adhesions

A

CAH

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13
Q

most common cause of CAH

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency
high 17 OHP levels
can have salt wasting variety

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14
Q

cafe au lait spots, bony abnormalities, and endocrinopathies

A

McCune Albright

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15
Q

Cushing Syndrome dx

A

gold standard: 24hr urinary free cortisol excretion
midnight sleeping plama cortisol
dex suppression

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16
Q

DI, exophthalmos, lytic bone lesions

A

Hand Schuller Christian triad of Langerhans Cell histiocytosis
post pituitary involvement

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17
Q

hormones from post pit

A

ADH

oxytocin

18
Q

rate of height growth prior to puberty

A

5-6cm/year

19
Q

micropenis, short stature, hypoglycemia, septo-optic dysplasia, breech presentation

A

congenital GH deficiency

20
Q

calculate mid parental height

A

sum of parents heights
+ 5 if boy, - 5 if girl
divide by 2
+/- 2 inches

21
Q

macrocephaly, cognitive defects, tall stature

A

Sotos syndrome

22
Q

can you mix synthroid with soy formula

A

no - decreases absorption

23
Q

boy with normal TSH and low total T4

A

X-linked thyroxine binding globulin deficiency
dx confirmed with TBG level
no replacement necessary

24
Q

differentiate Hashitoxicosis and Graves

A

radioiodine uptake - high in Graves, low/normal in Hashi

25
Q

tx Hashimoto

A

lifelong levothyroxine

26
Q

tx Graves

A

methimazole
no PTU
surgery if methimazole ineffective

27
Q

tx neonatal thyrotoxicosis

A

methimazole until maternal Abs cleared

28
Q

constipation, fatigue, muscle weakness

A

hypercalcemia

29
Q

causes of hypercalcemia

A

Williams
ingestion (vitamin D, A, thiazides)
skeletal disorders/immobilization
hyperparathyroidism

30
Q

tx hypercalcemia

A

fluids, lasix, EKG

31
Q

muscle spasms, vomiting, seizures resistant to benzos

A

hypocalcemia

can have prolonged QT

32
Q

causes of hypocalcemia

A 
pseudohypoparathyroidism (PTH resistance)
nutritional
DiGeorge
nephrotic syndrome
renal
33
Q

hypocalcemia and hyperPh

A

hypoPTH

34
Q

hypercalcemia and hypoPh

A

hyperPTH

35
Q

hypocalcemia and hypoPh

A

vit D deficiency

36
Q

hypocalcemia resistant to Ca replacement

A

think about mag

37
Q

bone pain, growth delay, widening of joint spaces

A

Rickets

serum alk phos ALWAYS elevated

38
Q

causes of vit D deficient Rickets

A 
BF w/o supps
no sun exposure
low BW/prematurity
vegan diets
liver disease --> poor absorption
39
Q

low Ca, normal 25-OH vit D, low 1,25-OH vit D

A

vit D dependent rickets
AR
inadequate renal prod of activated vit D

40
Q

tx vit D dependent rickets

A

D2 and 1,25 vit D

41
Q

low Ph, low Ca, high alk phos, high PTH, high 1,25 vit D

A

hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets
end organ resistance
AR

42
Q

low Ph, normal Ca, high alk phos, normal PTH, normal vit D levels

A

X linked hypophosphatemic rickets
XL dominant
tx: 1,25 vit D and phos

boards prep (34 decks)

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