neuro Flashcards
common migraine preventative meds
cyproheptadine, topamax
most common malignant brain tumor of childhood
medulloblastoma
headache, ataxia, obstructive hydrocephalus
medulloblastoma
endocrinopathies, behavior changes, visual disturbances
craniopharyngioma
calcification in sella turcia
tx: surgery, radiation
assoc with optic nerve glioma
NF
cranial bruit in neonate
vein of Galen malformation
causes of acute ataxia
vaccinations
post viral
tox
recurrent resp infections, eye pigmentation, CNS findings
ataxia telangiectasia
AR
inc risk of lymphoma/leukemia
clumsy gait, elevated plantar arch, no LE DTRs, cardiomyopathy
Friedrich ataxia
AR
meds that cause ataxia
AEDs
thallium
meds that cause tremor
amphetamines
VPA
phenothiazines
TCAs
chorea, hypotonia, emotional lability
Huntingon chorea
AD
difference with juvenile Huntington
present with rigidity
tics
repetitive, improve/disappear with purposeful movement, can be suppressed
stereotypies
rocking, hand flapping
tx Tourette’s
habit reversal training
rx only if interfering with daily activities
fever, abrupt onset weakness and decreased reflexes
transverse myelitis
usually spontaneous recovery
pain on palpation of spinal cord
need MRI with gad
steroids in spinal cord compression vs spinal trauma
dex for compression
methylpred for trauma
tx Guillain Barre
IVIG, pheresis
tx myasthenia
pyridostigmine
pheresis, plasma exchange
thymectomy can be curative in children
ID in duchennes
often present, but usually mild
dx duchennes
genetic testing for Xp21
CK always elevated even before sx
inheritance duchennes
Xlinked
frequent spontaneous mutation
CK level can be elevated in female carriers
cause of death in duchennes
heart failure
respiratory failure
muscles with slow relaxation after contraction, distal muscle wasting, endocrinopathies
myotonic muscular distrophy
AD
CK levels may be normal
dx myotonic muscular dystrophy
muscle biopsy
risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizure
low fever at time of sz
young age
family hx
short period of time between fever and seizure
percent of febrile sz children who develop epilepsy
5%
3 second spike and wave EEG
absence seizure
what maneuver to induce absence seizure
hyperventilation
tx absence seizure
ethosuximide
lamictal, VPA
VPA SEs
cytopenias
liver and pancreas dysfn
myoclonic jerks on waking, GTCs, absence seizures
juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
EEG findings in JME
none
tx JME
VPA, keppra
hypsarrhythmia EEG
infantile spasms
assoc with infantile spasms
tuberous sclerosis
tx infantile spasms
ACTH
vigabatrin
prognosis of infantile spasms
if developmental delay prior, poor prognosis
centrotemporal spikes and slow waves EEG
benign rolandic epilepsy
seizures at night, facial seizures (usually unilateral sensory involvement), aware but unable to speak
benign rolandic epilepsy
inheritance benign rolandic epilepsy
dominant
when to tx benign rolandic epilepsy
only after 3+ seizures
when to attempt weaning of AEDs
if sz free for 2 years
most common risk factor for developing CP
perinatal infection
spastic quadriplegia with dystonia and strange movements
dyskinetic cerebral palsy
stroke, elevated lactate, SNHL
mitochondrial disorder
