NONUNIONS Flashcards

1
Q

cessation of both the endosteal and periosteal healing responses w/o bridging callus

A

nonunion

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2
Q

radiographic nonprogression of healing at how many months?

A

3 months

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3
Q

consolidation in poor position is called?

A

malunion

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4
Q

intermediate that is not bone and prevents bone to bone healing?

A

pseudoarthroses or fibrocartilaginous

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5
Q

bone production

stem cell differentiation

A

osteogenesis

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6
Q

cellular recruitment

induce new bone

A

osteoinductive

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7
Q

mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate most importantly into?

A

bone marrow and periosteum

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8
Q

location matters

stem cells require support cells that constitute the maintain proper function

primitive at endosteal ends

survival affected by disease

increased damage found in DM

all affected by this term?

A

niche

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9
Q

these cells are used in mechanosensing?

A

osteocytes

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10
Q

inner layer of periosteum is called?

A

Cambria, MSC found here

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11
Q

extravascular fibrin deposits, fx hematoma

limits hemorrhage

growth factors

rapidly cleared

no longer present at fx site by time of vascular and osseous union

A

fibrin deposition

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12
Q

methylgoxal

elevated in DM2

modifies plasminogen, with fibrin binding vs plasminogen cleavage

characteristics of?

A

reactive oxygen species

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13
Q

callus present

inadequate fixation

motion present

what is this type to aseptic nonunion, hypertrophic or atrophic?

A

hypertrophic

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14
Q

no callus

soft tissue imposition

avascular

de vascular adjacent bone fragments

what is this type of aseptic nonunion, hypertrophic or atrophic?

A

atrophic

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15
Q

major consideration in clinical diagnosis?

A

rule out superficial infection

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16
Q

advanced imaging studies?

A

CT

17
Q

major patient risks:

diabetes
obesity
little to no evidence points to obesity as a direct risk factor to nonunion
insufficient evidence to support obesity as an independent risk factor for non union after arthrodesis in the foot or ankle

all the above!

A

all the above

18
Q

what are key for bone homeostasis

long bone fx 2x greater risk

A

NSAIDs