EXTERNAL FIXATION

Question 1

what is external fixation?

Answer 1

contiguous framework applied external to the skin envelope

multiple segments/levels

framework is rigid

framework is difficult to deform

Question 2

what are 3-D muliplanar stabilization fixations used for?

Answer 2

neuropathic limb
trauma
deformity correction

Question 3

what is static system?

Answer 3

components of frame do not move or change position

Question 4

what are the dynamic systems?

Answer 4

components move relative one another

angular deformity

bone and soft tissue lengthening

bone transport

Question 5

British surgeon
percutaneous pins around oblique femoral fx
held w/in external device

Answer 5

1893-Keetly

Question 6

first true unilateral external fixator for long bones

Answer 6

1894-Parkhill

Question 7

russian physician
academician
developed the circular external fixator 
circular steel rings
kirscHner wires

Answer 7

Gavel Illizarov

Question 8

originally developed for posterior knee contractures

WWII vets with long term cast immobilization

osteomized ankylosed knee joint

dynamic soft tissues

ended up growing new bone

distraction osteogenesis

Answer 8

Illizarov Device/system

Question 9

smith and nephew
circular ring system
Illzarov principles regarding applications/wire tensioning/stability
easily adjustable struts
simpler approach to dynamic adjustments
software driven

Answer 9

Taylor spatial frame (TSF)

Question 10

types of external fixators?

Answer 10

circular
monolateral
spanning
hybrids

Question 11

name this external fixator?

circumferential
full rings, partial rings
U ring for foot
foot plate
rings attached to each other via threaded rods or Taylor struts

Answer 11

circular

Question 12

name this external fixator?

large spanning bracket
one side of limb
many can be used at same time
resists displacement forces
disperses axial forces
linear lengthening
easier, faster to apply
easier for its to tolerate accept

Answer 12

monolateral (unilateral)

Question 13

name this external fixator?

pin to bar
features or mono lateral device, circular frame
goal of use is rapid, short term stabilization

triangle is attached to bone via half pine and smooth through pin, no wires, simpler leaner approach

Answer 13

spanning device (delta frame)

Question 14

name this external fixator?

circular-monolateral
circular-delta
monolateral-delta
TSF-static circular

Answer 14

hybrids