HIGH YIELD II Flashcards
what are the two types of anesthesia?
regional
general
effects of general anesthesia?
hypnosis
amnesia
analgesia
reflex suppression
main advantages of general anesthesia?
reduces patient awareness
muscle relaxation
control of airway
used for prolonging times of surgery
rapid and reversibly
areas of the effects on body?
frontal lobe
-memory and visual
spinal cord
-paralysis
RAS
-wakefulness
most common inhalation anesthetics based on MAC, from greatest to least?
nitrous oxide
isoflurane
sevoflurane
desflurane
affect of general anesthesia for the increase in MAC?
hyperthermia drugs (cocaine, tricyclic anti depressants, amphetamines) infants hypernatremia chronic alcoholism
affect of general anesthesia for the decrease in MAC?
hypothermia neonates elderly preg Drug: A2 agonist (clonidine) physiologic extremes hyponatremia, hypercalcemia
pre-operative assessment?
hemoglobin/hematocrit
serum glucose/creatinine/X-ray
EKG
drugs known to trigger malignant hyperthermia?
inhaled general anesthetics
- isoflurane
- sevoflurane
- desflurane
depolarizing muscle relaxant
-succinylcholine
affects of regional anesthesia?
more tolerable than general
decrease autonomic and endocrine responses
less use for extensive airway control
post op relief
regional anesthesia precautions?
tourniquets
malposition
direct nerve injury
common anesthetics used with regional anesthesia?
benzos ketamine propafol etomidate narcotic
what are the two classes of local anesthetics?
amides
esters
what local anesthetics cause methemoglobinemia?
prilocaine
benzocaine
cocaine and procaine are examples of what class?
this class is associated with severe allergic and anaphylactic reactions
esters