HIGH YIELD II Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of anesthesia?

A

regional

general

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2
Q

effects of general anesthesia?

A

hypnosis

amnesia

analgesia

reflex suppression

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3
Q

main advantages of general anesthesia?

A

reduces patient awareness

muscle relaxation

control of airway

used for prolonging times of surgery

rapid and reversibly

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4
Q

areas of the effects on body?

A

frontal lobe
-memory and visual

spinal cord
-paralysis

RAS
-wakefulness

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5
Q

most common inhalation anesthetics based on MAC, from greatest to least?

A

nitrous oxide
isoflurane
sevoflurane
desflurane

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6
Q

affect of general anesthesia for the increase in MAC?

A
hyperthermia
drugs (cocaine, tricyclic anti depressants, amphetamines)
infants
hypernatremia
chronic alcoholism
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7
Q

affect of general anesthesia for the decrease in MAC?

A
hypothermia
neonates
elderly
preg
Drug: A2 agonist (clonidine)
physiologic extremes
hyponatremia, hypercalcemia
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8
Q

pre-operative assessment?

A

hemoglobin/hematocrit
serum glucose/creatinine/X-ray
EKG

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9
Q

drugs known to trigger malignant hyperthermia?

A

inhaled general anesthetics

  • isoflurane
  • sevoflurane
  • desflurane

depolarizing muscle relaxant
-succinylcholine

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10
Q

affects of regional anesthesia?

A

more tolerable than general

decrease autonomic and endocrine responses

less use for extensive airway control

post op relief

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11
Q

regional anesthesia precautions?

A

tourniquets

malposition

direct nerve injury

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12
Q

common anesthetics used with regional anesthesia?

A
benzos
ketamine
propafol
etomidate
narcotic
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13
Q

what are the two classes of local anesthetics?

A

amides

esters

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14
Q

what local anesthetics cause methemoglobinemia?

A

prilocaine

benzocaine

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15
Q

cocaine and procaine are examples of what class?

this class is associated with severe allergic and anaphylactic reactions

A

esters

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16
Q

best frequency for locating structures?

A
high frequency (7-15 MHZ)
superficial structures
nerves and vessels
17
Q

considerations of ultrasound tech and principles?

A

angle of insonation
adequate gel
move either ultrasound probe or needle

  • better the view of the artery, better view of the nerve
  • better the view of the needle, the better the nerve block