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Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology > Nonneoplastic Diseases of the Biliary Tree and Gallbladder > Flashcards

Nonneoplastic Diseases of the Biliary Tree and Gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

in whom are ductal plate malformations more common?

A

cats

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2
Q

which animals have an autosomal dominant PKD1 gene for polycystic kidney disease?

A

persian cats

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3
Q

what is cholangitis?

A

inflammation of bile ducts

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4
Q

what is the most common type of cholangitis?

A

neutrophilic cholangitis

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5
Q

what can lymphocytic cholangitis in cats look like?

A

hepatic lymphoma

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6
Q

what happens in destructive cholangitis?

A

necrosis of bile duct epithelium with adjacent inflammation

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7
Q

where do Fasciola hepatica adults live?

A

bile ducts

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8
Q

what is icterus?

A

presence of visible bile in tissue

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9
Q

what is intrahepatic cholestasis characterized by?

A

presence of bile within hepatic parenchyma

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10
Q

who can get cystic mucinous hyperplasia?

A

dogs
sheep

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11
Q

who gets gallbladder mucoceles?

A

dogs
shelties

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12
Q

bile flow is the _____________ direction of blood flow

A

opposite

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13
Q

which ducts are affected by caroli syndrome (ductal plate malformations)?

A

large ducts

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14
Q

what can be seen in destructive cholangitis?

A

pigment-laden macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils in portal tracts

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15
Q

does Dicrocoelium dendriticum has a migratory phase through the liver?

A

no
only bile ducts

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16
Q

what are the cat and dog flukes?

A

usually Opisthorchiidae family
Platynosomum fastosum too

17
Q

what is Eimeria stiedae?

A

coccidia: protozoan parasite that infects rabbits

18
Q

where do canalicular plugs usually begin?

A

centrilobular region
can progress to periportal

19
Q

what is the importance of congenital biliary cysts?

A

usually incidental
possible rupture if large

20
Q

what are ductal plate malformations lined by?

A

biliary epithelium

21
Q

what ducts are impacted by congenital hepatic fibrosis?

A

small caliber ducts

22
Q

what is polycystic kidney disease characterized by?

A

numerous epithelial-lined cysts in kidneys, +/- liver, occasionally pancreas

23
Q

what dogs are predisposed to polycystic kidney disease?

A

west highland white terriers

24
Q

what indicates chronicity in neutrophilic cholangitis?

A

fibrosis and mononuclear inflammatory cells

25
Q

what can neutrophilic cholangitis progress to?

A

cholangiohepatitis

26
Q

what does chronic inflammation lead to?

A

periductular fibrosis and proliferation of bile ducts
can interfere with bile flow

27
Q

what is distomiasis?

A

infestation with or disease caused by digenetic trematode worms

28
Q

what is seen on histopathology with parasitic cholangitis?

A

dilated or thickened bile ducts with papillary projections
variable inflammation within ducts and portal regions
marked portal fibrosis

29
Q

which fluke does not have a migratory phase through the liver?

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

30
Q

what does Eimeria stiedae infect?

A

epithelial cells of biliary duct

31
Q

what can cause intrahepatic cholestasis?

A

septicemia
drug hepatotoxicity
mutations in genes related to bile salt transporter function
neoplasia
destructive cholangitis

32
Q

what can cause extrahepatic cholestasis?

A

masses/neoplasia
inflammation
gallbladder mucocele
cholelithiasis
flukes

33
Q

what are most cholelithiasis?

A

composite of bile pigments, calcium oxalate, mucins

34
Q

what are some gallbladder disorders?

A

cystic mucinous hyperplasia
mucocele
infarction
cholecystitis
tumors

35
Q

what can cause cholecystitis?

A

usually ascending bacteria
parasite
associated with cholangitis

36
Q

what can cause increased vascular permeability (gallbladder edema)?

A

cholecystitis in any species

Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology (18 decks)

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