Nonneoplastic Diseases of the Biliary Tree and Gallbladder Flashcards
in whom are ductal plate malformations more common?
cats
which animals have an autosomal dominant PKD1 gene for polycystic kidney disease?
persian cats
what is cholangitis?
inflammation of bile ducts
what is the most common type of cholangitis?
neutrophilic cholangitis
what can lymphocytic cholangitis in cats look like?
hepatic lymphoma
what happens in destructive cholangitis?
necrosis of bile duct epithelium with adjacent inflammation
where do Fasciola hepatica adults live?
bile ducts
what is icterus?
presence of visible bile in tissue
what is intrahepatic cholestasis characterized by?
presence of bile within hepatic parenchyma
who can get cystic mucinous hyperplasia?
dogs
sheep
who gets gallbladder mucoceles?
dogs
shelties
bile flow is the _____________ direction of blood flow
opposite
which ducts are affected by caroli syndrome (ductal plate malformations)?
large ducts
what can be seen in destructive cholangitis?
pigment-laden macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils in portal tracts
does Dicrocoelium dendriticum has a migratory phase through the liver?
no
only bile ducts
what are the cat and dog flukes?
usually Opisthorchiidae family
Platynosomum fastosum too
what is Eimeria stiedae?
coccidia: protozoan parasite that infects rabbits
where do canalicular plugs usually begin?
centrilobular region
can progress to periportal
what is the importance of congenital biliary cysts?
usually incidental
possible rupture if large
what are ductal plate malformations lined by?
biliary epithelium
what ducts are impacted by congenital hepatic fibrosis?
small caliber ducts
what is polycystic kidney disease characterized by?
numerous epithelial-lined cysts in kidneys, +/- liver, occasionally pancreas
what dogs are predisposed to polycystic kidney disease?
west highland white terriers
what indicates chronicity in neutrophilic cholangitis?
fibrosis and mononuclear inflammatory cells
what can neutrophilic cholangitis progress to?
cholangiohepatitis
what does chronic inflammation lead to?
periductular fibrosis and proliferation of bile ducts
can interfere with bile flow
what is distomiasis?
infestation with or disease caused by digenetic trematode worms
what is seen on histopathology with parasitic cholangitis?
dilated or thickened bile ducts with papillary projections
variable inflammation within ducts and portal regions
marked portal fibrosis
which fluke does not have a migratory phase through the liver?
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
what does Eimeria stiedae infect?
epithelial cells of biliary duct
what can cause intrahepatic cholestasis?
septicemia
drug hepatotoxicity
mutations in genes related to bile salt transporter function
neoplasia
destructive cholangitis
what can cause extrahepatic cholestasis?
masses/neoplasia
inflammation
gallbladder mucocele
cholelithiasis
flukes
what are most cholelithiasis?
composite of bile pigments, calcium oxalate, mucins
what are some gallbladder disorders?
cystic mucinous hyperplasia
mucocele
infarction
cholecystitis
tumors
what can cause cholecystitis?
usually ascending bacteria
parasite
associated with cholangitis
what can cause increased vascular permeability (gallbladder edema)?
cholecystitis in any species
