Nonneoplastic Diseases of the Biliary Tree and Gallbladder

Question 1

in whom are ductal plate malformations more common?

Answer 1

cats

Question 2

which animals have an autosomal dominant PKD1 gene for polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 2

persian cats

Question 3

what is cholangitis?

Answer 3

inflammation of bile ducts

Question 4

what is the most common type of cholangitis?

Answer 4

neutrophilic cholangitis

Question 5

what can lymphocytic cholangitis in cats look like?

Answer 5

hepatic lymphoma

Question 6

what happens in destructive cholangitis?

Answer 6

necrosis of bile duct epithelium with adjacent inflammation

Question 7

where do Fasciola hepatica adults live?

Answer 7

bile ducts

Question 8

what is icterus?

Answer 8

presence of visible bile in tissue

Question 9

what is intrahepatic cholestasis characterized by?

Answer 9

presence of bile within hepatic parenchyma

Question 10

who can get cystic mucinous hyperplasia?

Answer 10

dogs
sheep

Question 11

who gets gallbladder mucoceles?

Answer 11

dogs
shelties

Question 12

bile flow is the _____________ direction of blood flow

Answer 12

opposite

Question 13

which ducts are affected by caroli syndrome (ductal plate malformations)?

Answer 13

large ducts

Question 14

what can be seen in destructive cholangitis?

Answer 14

pigment-laden macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils in portal tracts

Question 15

does Dicrocoelium dendriticum has a migratory phase through the liver?

Answer 15

no
only bile ducts

Question 16

what are the cat and dog flukes?

Answer 16

usually Opisthorchiidae family
Platynosomum fastosum too

Question 17

what is Eimeria stiedae?

Answer 17

coccidia: protozoan parasite that infects rabbits

Question 18

where do canalicular plugs usually begin?

Answer 18

centrilobular region
can progress to periportal

Question 19

what is the importance of congenital biliary cysts?

Answer 19

usually incidental
possible rupture if large

Question 20

what are ductal plate malformations lined by?

Answer 20

biliary epithelium

Question 21

what ducts are impacted by congenital hepatic fibrosis?

Answer 21

small caliber ducts

Question 22

what is polycystic kidney disease characterized by?

Answer 22

numerous epithelial-lined cysts in kidneys, +/- liver, occasionally pancreas

Question 23

what dogs are predisposed to polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 23

west highland white terriers

Question 24

what indicates chronicity in neutrophilic cholangitis?

Answer 24

fibrosis and mononuclear inflammatory cells

Question 25

what can neutrophilic cholangitis progress to?

Answer 25

cholangiohepatitis

Question 26

what does chronic inflammation lead to?

Answer 26

periductular fibrosis and proliferation of bile ducts can interfere with bile flow

Question 27

what is distomiasis?

Answer 27

infestation with or disease caused by digenetic trematode worms

Question 28

what is seen on histopathology with parasitic cholangitis?

Answer 28

dilated or thickened bile ducts with papillary projections variable inflammation within ducts and portal regions marked portal fibrosis

Question 29

which fluke does not have a migratory phase through the liver?

Answer 29

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Question 30

what does Eimeria stiedae infect?

Answer 30

epithelial cells of biliary duct

Question 31

what can cause intrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer 31

septicemia drug hepatotoxicity mutations in genes related to bile salt transporter function neoplasia destructive cholangitis

Question 32

what can cause extrahepatic cholestasis?

Answer 32

masses/neoplasia inflammation gallbladder mucocele cholelithiasis flukes

Question 33

what are most cholelithiasis?

Answer 33

composite of bile pigments, calcium oxalate, mucins

Question 34

what are some gallbladder disorders?

Answer 34

cystic mucinous hyperplasia mucocele infarction cholecystitis tumors

Question 35

what can cause cholecystitis?

Answer 35

usually ascending bacteria parasite associated with cholangitis

Question 36

what can cause increased vascular permeability (gallbladder edema)?

Answer 36

cholecystitis in any species