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Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology > Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas > Flashcards

Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

what do acinar cells do?

A

synthesize and secrete catalytic digestive enzymes

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2
Q

what are pacinian corpuscles?

A

normal pancreatic structures
mechanoreceptors related to sympathetic nerve endings in feline pancreas

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3
Q

what is acinar degeneration and atrophy due to?

A

local/systemic diseases: starvation, ductal obstruction, fibrosis

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4
Q

what is the most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs?

A

canine juvenile pancreatic atrophy

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5
Q

what clinical signs are associated with canine juvenile pancreatic atrophy?

A

diarrhea
steatorrhea
weight loss with voracious appetite
poor hair coat
when 90% of secretory capacity is lost

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6
Q

what is seen in the early stages of canine juvenile pancreatic atrophy (histology)?

A

intense T cell infiltration

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7
Q

what is acute canine pancreatitis like?

A

primarily necrotizing with reactive inflammation

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8
Q

what is chronic pancreatitis like?

A

primarily mononuclear

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9
Q

what is acute pancreatitis like in cats?

A

acute suppurative pancreatitis secondary to ascending bacterial infection

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10
Q

what is the pathogenesis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis?

A

inappropriate enzymatic activation/release and tissue autodigestion

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11
Q

what is the disease progression of acute necrotizing pancreatitis?

A

necrosis and saponification of peripancreatic mesenteric fat
necrosis of marginal acini
necrosis and reactive inflammation at periphery of affected lobules

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12
Q

what are the systemic consequences of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (release of proinflammatory mediators)?

A

acute hepatitis/hepatic necrosis
peritonitis
widespread vasculitis/thrombosis
hemorrhage
hypovolemic shock
DIC

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13
Q

what are the outcomes of acute necrotizing pancreatitis?

A

uncomplicated resolution
healing by fibrosis
abscessation
chronic, unresolved inflammation
bystander destruction of islets

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14
Q

what is the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic pancreatitis?

A

recurrent or unresolved bouts of pancreatic necrosis often with ductal obstruction
fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, atrophy

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15
Q

what flukes inhabit pancreatic ducts?

A

Eurytrema
Dicrocoelium

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16
Q

what are some proliferative lesion of the exocrine pancreas?

A

nodular acinar hyperplasia
adenoma
(adeno)carcinoma

17
Q

what does nodular acinar hyperplasia look like?

A

multiple, variably-ssized discrete nodules throughout parenchyma
non-encapsulated, no compression of surrounding parenchyma

18
Q

does nodular acinar hyperplasia cause compression of surrounding parenchyma?

A

no

19
Q

what are the two neoplasms of the exocrine pancreas?

A

adenoma
(adeno)carcinoma

20
Q

does an adenoma compress adjacent parenchyma?

A

yes

21
Q

is an (adeno)carcinoma usually solitary and discrete or multiple?

A

solitary, discrete, circumscribed mass usually

22
Q

what do islet cell tumors do?

A

functional: produce/secrete multiple hormones

23
Q

what is the most common neoplasm of the endocrine pancreas that is identified?

A

insulinoma

24
Q

what is paraneoplastic alopecia like?

A

symmetric ventral smooth, shiny skin in felines with pancreatic carcinoma

25
Q

when might you see neuroglycopenia?

A

inculinoma

26
Q

what is autolysis?

A

rapid postmortem release of digestive enzymes

27
Q

what can acinar degeneration and atrophy be due to?

A

starvation
ductal obstruction
fibrosis

28
Q

what are the causes of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A

canine juvenile pancreatic atrophy
pancreatitis
necrosis
toxic injury
infection
ductal disease
neoplasia

29
Q

what is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A

congenital/acquired depletion of acinar tissue

30
Q

what is triaditis?

A

IBD
suppurative cholangitis
suppurative pancreatitis

31
Q

what happens with trypsinogen in acute necrotizing pancreatitis?

A

activated by premature intracellular fusion of lysosomes with zymogen granules

32
Q

what is important in the inciting causes of acute necrotizing pancreatitis?

A

hypoperfusion/reperfusion

33
Q

what is the importance of chronic lymphocytic pancreatitis?

A

usually incidental
if clinical: anorexia, vomiting, weight loss

34
Q

what is superficial necrolytic dermatitis related to?

A

glucagonoma

Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology (18 decks)

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