Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

what do acinar cells do?

A

synthesize and secrete catalytic digestive enzymes

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2
Q

what are pacinian corpuscles?

A

normal pancreatic structures
mechanoreceptors related to sympathetic nerve endings in feline pancreas

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3
Q

what is acinar degeneration and atrophy due to?

A

local/systemic diseases: starvation, ductal obstruction, fibrosis

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4
Q

what is the most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs?

A

canine juvenile pancreatic atrophy

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5
Q

what clinical signs are associated with canine juvenile pancreatic atrophy?

A

diarrhea
steatorrhea
weight loss with voracious appetite
poor hair coat
when 90% of secretory capacity is lost

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6
Q

what is seen in the early stages of canine juvenile pancreatic atrophy (histology)?

A

intense T cell infiltration

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7
Q

what is acute canine pancreatitis like?

A

primarily necrotizing with reactive inflammation

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8
Q

what is chronic pancreatitis like?

A

primarily mononuclear

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9
Q

what is acute pancreatitis like in cats?

A

acute suppurative pancreatitis secondary to ascending bacterial infection

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10
Q

what is the pathogenesis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis?

A

inappropriate enzymatic activation/release and tissue autodigestion

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11
Q

what is the disease progression of acute necrotizing pancreatitis?

A

necrosis and saponification of peripancreatic mesenteric fat
necrosis of marginal acini
necrosis and reactive inflammation at periphery of affected lobules

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12
Q

what are the systemic consequences of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (release of proinflammatory mediators)?

A

acute hepatitis/hepatic necrosis
peritonitis
widespread vasculitis/thrombosis
hemorrhage
hypovolemic shock
DIC

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13
Q

what are the outcomes of acute necrotizing pancreatitis?

A

uncomplicated resolution
healing by fibrosis
abscessation
chronic, unresolved inflammation
bystander destruction of islets

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14
Q

what is the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic pancreatitis?

A

recurrent or unresolved bouts of pancreatic necrosis often with ductal obstruction
fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, atrophy

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15
Q

what flukes inhabit pancreatic ducts?

A

Eurytrema
Dicrocoelium

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16
Q

what are some proliferative lesion of the exocrine pancreas?

A

nodular acinar hyperplasia
adenoma
(adeno)carcinoma

17
Q

what does nodular acinar hyperplasia look like?

A

multiple, variably-ssized discrete nodules throughout parenchyma
non-encapsulated, no compression of surrounding parenchyma

18
Q

does nodular acinar hyperplasia cause compression of surrounding parenchyma?

19
Q

what are the two neoplasms of the exocrine pancreas?

A

adenoma
(adeno)carcinoma

20
Q

does an adenoma compress adjacent parenchyma?

21
Q

is an (adeno)carcinoma usually solitary and discrete or multiple?

A

solitary, discrete, circumscribed mass usually

22
Q

what do islet cell tumors do?

A

functional: produce/secrete multiple hormones

23
Q

what is the most common neoplasm of the endocrine pancreas that is identified?

A

insulinoma

24
Q

what is paraneoplastic alopecia like?

A

symmetric ventral smooth, shiny skin in felines with pancreatic carcinoma

25
when might you see neuroglycopenia?
inculinoma
26
what is autolysis?
rapid postmortem release of digestive enzymes
27
what can acinar degeneration and atrophy be due to?
starvation ductal obstruction fibrosis
28
what are the causes of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
canine juvenile pancreatic atrophy pancreatitis necrosis toxic injury infection ductal disease neoplasia
29
what is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
congenital/acquired depletion of acinar tissue
30
what is triaditis?
IBD suppurative cholangitis suppurative pancreatitis
31
what happens with trypsinogen in acute necrotizing pancreatitis?
activated by premature intracellular fusion of lysosomes with zymogen granules
32
what is important in the inciting causes of acute necrotizing pancreatitis?
hypoperfusion/reperfusion
33
what is the importance of chronic lymphocytic pancreatitis?
usually incidental if clinical: anorexia, vomiting, weight loss
34
what is superficial necrolytic dermatitis related to?
glucagonoma