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Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology > Intestinal Diseases of Unknown Origin and Biopsies > Flashcards

Intestinal Diseases of Unknown Origin and Biopsies Flashcards

1
Q

what are some causes of acute self-limiting diarrhea?

A

rapid diet change
dietary intolerance/hypersensitivity
food poisoning
hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
infectious diseases

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2
Q

what are biopsies most useful for?

A

masses/infiltrative disease
pattern of inflammation
chronic disease after workup

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3
Q

what are the pros of doing an endoscopic biopsy?

A

less invasive/fewer complications
can see mucosa
can take many samples

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4
Q

why can hypermotility cause diarrhea?

A

increased longitudinal contractions: insufficient contact time and decreased time to absorb

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5
Q

why can hypomotility cause diarrhea?

A

bacterial overgrowth from decreased flow leads to production of secretagogues and osmotic diarrhea

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6
Q

what are the clinical features of hemorrhagic enteritis (used to be gastroenteritis)?

A

acute hemorrhagic, malodorous diarrhea
often starts with vomiting
marked hemoconcentration, never anemic
variable total solids

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7
Q

who is primarily impacted by acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome?

A

young, small/toy breeds

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8
Q

what is intestinal lymphangiectasia?

A

dilation and dysfunction of intestinal lymphatics: loss of protein into intestinal lumen

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9
Q

what are most cases of intestinal lymphangiectasia?

A

idiopathic

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10
Q

what are the clinical signs of intestinal lymphangiectasia due to?

A

enteric loss of lymph and protein

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11
Q

what are the signs of protein losing enteropathy caused by?

A

excessive loss of albumin
globulins also low

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12
Q

what diseases can cause protein losing enteropathy in small animals?

A

any disease that disrupts intestinal wall function
lymphangiectasia
idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
neoplasia
infectious enterocolitis

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13
Q

what is histiocytic ulcerative colitis/boxer colitis characterized by?

A

thickened ulcerated colonic mucosa

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14
Q

what is histology like of histiocytic ulcerative colitis/boxer colitis?

A

loss of colonic glands
mucosal erosion
presence of PAS+ macrophages in deep mucosa, submucosa, maybe through muscular wall

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15
Q

what are the two types of GI lymphoma?

A

feline enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma type I: large lymphocytes
felinee enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma type II: small T lymphocytes

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16
Q

what cells are predominant in large granular lymphoma?

A

cytotoxic T cells or natural killer cells

17
Q

what are most cases of megacolon from?

A

idiopathic

18
Q

what is equine duodenitis-proximal jejunitis?

A

inflammation of duodenum and proximal jejunum

19
Q

what are some infectious causes of acute self-limiting diarrhea?

A

parvovirus
giardia
tritrichomonas
salmonella
campylobacter
hookworms
whipworms

20
Q

what are the cons of endoscopic sampling?

A

small and superficial
handling artifacts
orientation often poor
cannot reach all part of GI

21
Q

what are some causes of chronic diarrhea with a normal intestinal biopsy?

A

antibiotic-responsive diarrhea/small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
dietary indiscretion
food intolerance
irritable bowel syndrome
toxigenic/secretory diarrhea
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
diarrhea due to systemic illness

22
Q

what is a useful marker for gastrointestinal protein loss?

A

alpha1-proteinase inhibitor in feces

23
Q

who gets histiocytic ulcerative colitis?

A

young boxers and french bulldogs

24
Q

what characterizes histiocytic ulcerative colitis?

A

thickened ulcerated colonic mucosa

25
Q

what are ultrasonographic and gross changes like with IBD?

A

minimal

26
Q

what type of lymphoma is epitheliotropism seen with?

A

feline enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma type II: small T cells

27
Q

what is the presentation of equine duodenitis-proximal jejunitis?

A

abdominal pain
elevated heart and respiratory rates
ileus and small intestinal distension
decreased or absent intestinal motility
large volume gastric reflux

28
Q

what are the types of equine inflammatory bowel disease?

A

lymphocytic/plasmacytic, granulomatous, MEEDS: poor prognosis
idiopathic focal eosinophilic enterocolitis

Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology (18 decks)

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