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Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology > Inflammatory Diseases of the Liver > Flashcards

Inflammatory Diseases of the Liver Flashcards

1
Q

what are some non-infectious types of hepatitis?

A

copper-associated hepatitis in dogs
canine chronic hepatitis
non-specific reactive hepatitis
lobular dissecting hepatitis

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2
Q

what is chronic hepatitis categorized by?

A

activity/grade
chronicity/stage

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3
Q

who can have nodular regeneration with chronic hepatitis?

A

canines

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4
Q

what are some types of chronic hepatitidies in domestic animals?

A

idiopathic
familial/hereditary metabolic disease\infection by hepatotropic agent
toxic/drug-induced
chronic biliary obstruction
immune-mediated

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5
Q

which dog breed has an elucidated breed-related copper accumulation mechanism?

A

bedlington terriers

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6
Q

how can you confirm presence of copper in hepatocytes?

A

rhodanine staining

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7
Q

what is the distribution of hepatocellular necrosis with viral heepatitidies?

A

random

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8
Q

what does canine adenovirus-1 cause?

A

infectious canine hepatitis

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9
Q

what can be seen in hepatic pathology with canine adenovirus-1?

A

centrilobular necrosis
intranuclear inclusion bodies of endothelial cells/hepatocytes

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10
Q

what does theiler’s disease cause histologically?

A

massive hepatic necrosis
small, floppy, “dishrag” liver

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11
Q

what are some bacterial hepatitidies?

A

hepatic abscesses
mycobacteriosis
clostridial hepatitis
leptospirosis

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12
Q

what are the common agents in neonates in hepatic abscesses?

A

Streptococcus
Staphylococcus

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13
Q

what causes tyzzer’s disease?

A

Clostridium piliforme

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14
Q

what is the systemic disease from leptospirosis characterized by?

A

acute cholestatic injury and renal failure in dogs
liver involved in acute infection in all domestic species

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15
Q

what are the types of parasitic hepatitidies?

A

trematodiasis
cestodiasis
nematodiasis

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16
Q

what is Toxoplasma gondii?

A

obligate intracellular protozoa

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17
Q

what are the forms of Leishmania infantum in canines?

A

visceral
cutaneous
mucocutaneous

18
Q

what three families of trematodes cause hepatic injury?

A

Fasciolidae
Dicrocoelidae
Opisthorchidae

19
Q

where are the adults of Fascioloides magna?

A

hepatic parenchyma

20
Q

in whom do larval cestodes of Taenia genus develop tissue cysts?

A

intermediate hosts

21
Q

what does larval migration of nematodes cause?

A

necrosis/inflammation which leads to mature scars
“milk spots”

22
Q

what can entrapped larvae of nematodes cause?

A

abscesses/granulomas

23
Q

what are the components of chronic hepatitis?

A

mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate
hepatocellular apoptosis/necrosis
development of fibrosis/cirrhosis +/- nodular regeneration
distortion of lobular architecture

24
Q

what can be seen with chronic hepatitis?

A

ill-thrift
non-specific GI signs
moderate to severely elevated ALT
+/- abnormal function tests

25
Q

what breeds are predisposed to canine copper-associated hepatitis?

A

bedlington terriers
dobermans
labs, skye terriers, dalmations, westies

26
Q

what regions are first impacted by copper-associated hepatitis?

A

centrilobular regions

27
Q

what do herpesviruses cause in neonates?

A

disseminated hemorrhage/necrosis of parenchymal organs

28
Q

what are the bacterial portals of entry into the liver?

A

portal vein
umbilical veins
hepatic artery
biliary system
parasitic migration
direct extension from adjacent tissue

29
Q

what are the components of acute hepatitis?

A

leukocyte infiltration
hepatocellular apoptosis/necrosis
+/- hepatocellular regeneration

30
Q

what are some findings with cirrhosis?

A

cachexia
signs of encephalopathy
severely elevated ALT
elevated SBA
hyperbilirubinemia
hypoalbuminemia
+/- portal hypertension, ascites, MAPSS

31
Q

how does copper lead to hepatocellular death?

A

free radical production: cell membrane damage

32
Q

what are normal and pathologic values of copper?

A

normal <400 ppm dw
usually >1000 ppm dw

33
Q

what does coronavirus (FIP) cause?

A

disseminated pyogranulomatous vasculitis

34
Q

what is wesselsbron virus?

A

arthropod-borne flavivirus

35
Q

what are some common agents in hepatic abscesses in feedlot cattle?

A

T. pyogenes
F. necrophorum

36
Q

what causes bacillary hemoglobinuria/red water disease (hemolytic disease of bovine/ovine)?

A

Clostridia haemolyticum: C. novyi type D

37
Q

what is tyzzer’s disease (Clostridia piliforme)?

A

severe disease laboratory rodents
also foals, calves, dogs, cats
focal hepatitis and necrosis + enterocolitis + myocardial necrosis

38
Q

what does Toxoplasma gondii cause in the liver?

A

necrotizing (cholangio)hepatitis as part of systemic infection

39
Q

where do Fasciola hepatica inhabit?

A

biliary system: adults
snail intermediate host
bovine/ovine

40
Q

what do larval cestodes of Echinococcus genus develop?

A

hydatid cysts in intermediate hosts

41
Q

what do larval cestodes of Taenia genus develop?

A

tissue cysts in intermediate hosts

Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology (18 decks)

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