Inflammatory Diseases of the Liver Flashcards
what are some non-infectious types of hepatitis?
copper-associated hepatitis in dogs
canine chronic hepatitis
non-specific reactive hepatitis
lobular dissecting hepatitis
what is chronic hepatitis categorized by?
activity/grade
chronicity/stage
who can have nodular regeneration with chronic hepatitis?
canines
what are some types of chronic hepatitidies in domestic animals?
idiopathic
familial/hereditary metabolic disease\infection by hepatotropic agent
toxic/drug-induced
chronic biliary obstruction
immune-mediated
which dog breed has an elucidated breed-related copper accumulation mechanism?
bedlington terriers
how can you confirm presence of copper in hepatocytes?
rhodanine staining
what is the distribution of hepatocellular necrosis with viral heepatitidies?
random
what does canine adenovirus-1 cause?
infectious canine hepatitis
what can be seen in hepatic pathology with canine adenovirus-1?
centrilobular necrosis
intranuclear inclusion bodies of endothelial cells/hepatocytes
what does theiler’s disease cause histologically?
massive hepatic necrosis
small, floppy, “dishrag” liver
what are some bacterial hepatitidies?
hepatic abscesses
mycobacteriosis
clostridial hepatitis
leptospirosis
what are the common agents in neonates in hepatic abscesses?
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
what causes tyzzer’s disease?
Clostridium piliforme
what is the systemic disease from leptospirosis characterized by?
acute cholestatic injury and renal failure in dogs
liver involved in acute infection in all domestic species
what are the types of parasitic hepatitidies?
trematodiasis
cestodiasis
nematodiasis
what is Toxoplasma gondii?
obligate intracellular protozoa
what are the forms of Leishmania infantum in canines?
visceral
cutaneous
mucocutaneous
what three families of trematodes cause hepatic injury?
Fasciolidae
Dicrocoelidae
Opisthorchidae
where are the adults of Fascioloides magna?
hepatic parenchyma
in whom do larval cestodes of Taenia genus develop tissue cysts?
intermediate hosts
what does larval migration of nematodes cause?
necrosis/inflammation which leads to mature scars
“milk spots”
what can entrapped larvae of nematodes cause?
abscesses/granulomas
what are the components of chronic hepatitis?
mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate
hepatocellular apoptosis/necrosis
development of fibrosis/cirrhosis +/- nodular regeneration
distortion of lobular architecture
what can be seen with chronic hepatitis?
ill-thrift
non-specific GI signs
moderate to severely elevated ALT
+/- abnormal function tests
what breeds are predisposed to canine copper-associated hepatitis?
bedlington terriers
dobermans
labs, skye terriers, dalmations, westies
what regions are first impacted by copper-associated hepatitis?
centrilobular regions
what do herpesviruses cause in neonates?
disseminated hemorrhage/necrosis of parenchymal organs
what are the bacterial portals of entry into the liver?
portal vein
umbilical veins
hepatic artery
biliary system
parasitic migration
direct extension from adjacent tissue
what are the components of acute hepatitis?
leukocyte infiltration
hepatocellular apoptosis/necrosis
+/- hepatocellular regeneration
what are some findings with cirrhosis?
cachexia
signs of encephalopathy
severely elevated ALT
elevated SBA
hyperbilirubinemia
hypoalbuminemia
+/- portal hypertension, ascites, MAPSS
how does copper lead to hepatocellular death?
free radical production: cell membrane damage
what are normal and pathologic values of copper?
normal <400 ppm dw
usually >1000 ppm dw
what does coronavirus (FIP) cause?
disseminated pyogranulomatous vasculitis
what is wesselsbron virus?
arthropod-borne flavivirus
what are some common agents in hepatic abscesses in feedlot cattle?
T. pyogenes
F. necrophorum
what causes bacillary hemoglobinuria/red water disease (hemolytic disease of bovine/ovine)?
Clostridia haemolyticum: C. novyi type D
what is tyzzer’s disease (Clostridia piliforme)?
severe disease laboratory rodents
also foals, calves, dogs, cats
focal hepatitis and necrosis + enterocolitis + myocardial necrosis
what does Toxoplasma gondii cause in the liver?
necrotizing (cholangio)hepatitis as part of systemic infection
where do Fasciola hepatica inhabit?
biliary system: adults
snail intermediate host
bovine/ovine
what do larval cestodes of Echinococcus genus develop?
hydatid cysts in intermediate hosts
what do larval cestodes of Taenia genus develop?
tissue cysts in intermediate hosts
