Non-Infectious Intestinal Diseases

Question 1

what are some developmental intestinal diseases?

Answer 1

atresia
hernias

Question 2

what is the most common type of segmental atresia?

Answer 2

atresia coli

Question 3

what is a hernia?

Answer 3

passage of mesenteric fat or intestine through a foramen

Question 4

what are some congenital hernias?

Answer 4

umbilical
diaphragmatic
inguinal/scrotal

Question 5

what are some traumatic hernias?

Answer 5

diaphragmatic
perineal

Question 6

______________ may both predispose and be a result of a perineal hernia

Answer 6

tenesmus

Question 7

what may a perineal hernia involve?

Answer 7

fat
rectum
urinary bladder
prostate
small intestine

Question 8

what are the types of mechanical obstructions?

Answer 8

intraluminal
extraluminal/intramural

Question 9

why is there a high risk of perforation with linear foreign bodies?

Answer 9

sawing action

Question 10

what are some causes of large colon impactions in horses?

Answer 10

poor quality feed
dehydration
poor dentition

Question 11

what are the most common locations of large colon impaction in horses?

Answer 11

pelvic flexure
junction of right dorsal and transverse colon

Question 12

what can cause a sand impaction?

Answer 12

horse grazing on sandy soil
feeding hay on sand

Question 13

what makes up enteroliths in horses?

Answer 13

magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) around nidus (hair or foreign object)

Question 14

what are some extraluminal/intramural obstructions?

Answer 14

hernias
intussusceptions
volvulus
pendunculated lipoma
mural or extramural neoplasm

Question 15

if you see intussusception in an older animal, what is likely?

Answer 15

neoplasia

Question 16

who can large intestine volvulus be seen in?

Answer 16

horses

Question 17

what does prognosis of large colon volvulus in horses depend on?

Answer 17

vascular compromise

Question 18

what can be seen with small intestinal volvulus in dogs?

Answer 18

mesenteric small intestine volvulus: severe shock and emergency surgery required

Question 19

how does a lipoma cause an obstruction or strangulation?

Answer 19

lipoma on stalk encircles small intestine

Question 20

what neoplasms can cause mural or extramural obstructions?

Answer 20

adenocarcinoma
lymphoma
leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma
gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Question 21

what are some types of functional obstruction?

Answer 21

ileus (decreased motility)
intestinal agangliosis (rare)
leiomyositis and myenteric ganglionitis (idiopathic and rare)

Question 22

what are some toxins that can cause toxic intestinal diseases?

Answer 22

cantharidin
heavy metals
lots of toxic plants

Question 23

what are the three main manifestations of NSAID toxicosis in horses?

Answer 23

gastric ulcers
right dorsal colitis (ulcerative colitis)
kidney injury (papillary necrosis)

Question 24

where is cantharidin found?

Answer 24

blister beetles in alfalfa hay

Question 25

why is cantharidin a problem?

Answer 25

cell lysis and severe ulceration in gastrointestinal tract urinary tract ulceration (excreted in urine) myocardial injury

Question 26

what are some round cell neoplasms in the intestines?

Answer 26

lymphoma plasmacytoma mast cell tumors

Question 27

what are some epithelial neoplasms in the intestines?

Answer 27

polyps/adenoma carcinoma neuroendocrine tumors

Question 28

what do polyps cause in the intestines?

Answer 28

tenesmus (straining to defecate) hematochezia may be pre-malignant

Question 29

where are polyps usually found in the intestines?

Answer 29

dogs mostly rectum

Question 30

where are plasmacytomas usually seen/

Answer 30

dogs rectum

Question 31

what type of tumor is leiomyoma?

Answer 31

smooth muscle tumor

Question 32

what is the most common tumor of the lower gastrointestinal tract in most domestic species?

Answer 32

lymphoma

Question 33

what are some differential diagnoses for lymphoma?

Answer 33

other gastrointestinal neoplasia inflammatory bowel diseases feline infectious peritonitis in cats

Question 34

what are carcinomas like in the intestines?

Answer 34

malignant, invasive firm, lumpy bumpy usually solitary, more localized than lymphoma

Question 35

how common are mast cell tumors in intestines of cats?

Answer 35

third most common in cats

Question 36

what do gastrointestinal stromal tumors arise from?

Answer 36

interstitial cells of cajal

Question 37

who is hemomelasma ilei seen in?

Answer 37

horses

Question 38

how can pigs get rectal strictures?

Answer 38

salmonellosis penetrating wounds

Question 39

what is the most common type of atresia?

Answer 39

atresia coli

Question 40

what is a cecal impaction from?

Answer 40

decreased motility from pain/stress

Question 41

what are the risk factors for enteroliths?

Answer 41

soils high in magnesium alfalfa hay: high in magnesium

Question 42

what is intussusception from in young animals?

Answer 42

hypermotility: enteritis, parasites, foreign body

Question 43

who can get small intestinal volvulus?

Answer 43

horses pigs sometimes dogs

Question 44

what is ileus associated with?

Answer 44

surgery peritonitis endotoxemia shock electrolyte abnormalities

Question 45

will plasmacytomas recurr?

Answer 45

yes if not completely removed

Question 46

what is a major differential for small cell lymphoma?

Answer 46

lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis

Question 47

where can carcinoma metastasize to in dogs?

Answer 47

lymph nodes liver lung

Question 48

how can you identify gastrointestinal stromal tumors?

Answer 48

c-Kit with immunohistochemistry