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Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology > Non-Infectious Intestinal Diseases > Flashcards

Non-Infectious Intestinal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are some developmental intestinal diseases?

A

atresia
hernias

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2
Q

what is the most common type of segmental atresia?

A

atresia coli

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3
Q

what is a hernia?

A

passage of mesenteric fat or intestine through a foramen

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4
Q

what are some congenital hernias?

A

umbilical
diaphragmatic
inguinal/scrotal

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5
Q

what are some traumatic hernias?

A

diaphragmatic
perineal

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6
Q

______________ may both predispose and be a result of a perineal hernia

A

tenesmus

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7
Q

what may a perineal hernia involve?

A

fat
rectum
urinary bladder
prostate
small intestine

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8
Q

what are the types of mechanical obstructions?

A

intraluminal
extraluminal/intramural

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9
Q

why is there a high risk of perforation with linear foreign bodies?

A

sawing action

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10
Q

what are some causes of large colon impactions in horses?

A

poor quality feed
dehydration
poor dentition

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11
Q

what are the most common locations of large colon impaction in horses?

A

pelvic flexure
junction of right dorsal and transverse colon

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12
Q

what can cause a sand impaction?

A

horse grazing on sandy soil
feeding hay on sand

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13
Q

what makes up enteroliths in horses?

A

magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) around nidus (hair or foreign object)

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14
Q

what are some extraluminal/intramural obstructions?

A

hernias
intussusceptions
volvulus
pendunculated lipoma
mural or extramural neoplasm

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15
Q

if you see intussusception in an older animal, what is likely?

A

neoplasia

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16
Q

who can large intestine volvulus be seen in?

A

horses

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17
Q

what does prognosis of large colon volvulus in horses depend on?

A

vascular compromise

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18
Q

what can be seen with small intestinal volvulus in dogs?

A

mesenteric small intestine volvulus: severe shock and emergency surgery required

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19
Q

how does a lipoma cause an obstruction or strangulation?

A

lipoma on stalk encircles small intestine

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20
Q

what neoplasms can cause mural or extramural obstructions?

A

adenocarcinoma
lymphoma
leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma
gastrointestinal stromal tumor

21
Q

what are some types of functional obstruction?

A

ileus (decreased motility)
intestinal agangliosis (rare)
leiomyositis and myenteric ganglionitis (idiopathic and rare)

22
Q

what are some toxins that can cause toxic intestinal diseases?

A

cantharidin
heavy metals
lots of toxic plants

23
Q

what are the three main manifestations of NSAID toxicosis in horses?

A

gastric ulcers
right dorsal colitis (ulcerative colitis)
kidney injury (papillary necrosis)

24
Q

where is cantharidin found?

A

blister beetles in alfalfa hay

25
Q

why is cantharidin a problem?

A

cell lysis and severe ulceration in gastrointestinal tract
urinary tract ulceration (excreted in urine)
myocardial injury

26
Q

what are some round cell neoplasms in the intestines?

A

lymphoma
plasmacytoma
mast cell tumors

27
Q

what are some epithelial neoplasms in the intestines?

A

polyps/adenoma
carcinoma
neuroendocrine tumors

28
Q

what do polyps cause in the intestines?

A

tenesmus (straining to defecate)
hematochezia
may be pre-malignant

29
Q

where are polyps usually found in the intestines?

A

dogs mostly
rectum

30
Q

where are plasmacytomas usually seen/

A

dogs
rectum

31
Q

what type of tumor is leiomyoma?

A

smooth muscle tumor

32
Q

what is the most common tumor of the lower gastrointestinal tract in most domestic species?

A

lymphoma

33
Q

what are some differential diagnoses for lymphoma?

A

other gastrointestinal neoplasia
inflammatory bowel diseases
feline infectious peritonitis in cats

34
Q

what are carcinomas like in the intestines?

A

malignant, invasive
firm, lumpy bumpy
usually solitary, more localized than lymphoma

35
Q

how common are mast cell tumors in intestines of cats?

A

third most common in cats

36
Q

what do gastrointestinal stromal tumors arise from?

A

interstitial cells of cajal

37
Q

who is hemomelasma ilei seen in?

A

horses

38
Q

how can pigs get rectal strictures?

A

salmonellosis
penetrating wounds

39
Q

what is the most common type of atresia?

A

atresia coli

40
Q

what is a cecal impaction from?

A

decreased motility from pain/stress

41
Q

what are the risk factors for enteroliths?

A

soils high in magnesium
alfalfa hay: high in magnesium

42
Q

what is intussusception from in young animals?

A

hypermotility: enteritis, parasites, foreign body

43
Q

who can get small intestinal volvulus?

A

horses
pigs
sometimes dogs

44
Q

what is ileus associated with?

A

surgery
peritonitis
endotoxemia
shock
electrolyte abnormalities

45
Q

will plasmacytomas recurr?

A

yes if not completely removed

46
Q

what is a major differential for small cell lymphoma?

A

lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis

47
Q

where can carcinoma metastasize to in dogs?

A

lymph nodes
liver
lung

48
Q

how can you identify gastrointestinal stromal tumors?

A

c-Kit with immunohistochemistry

Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology (18 decks)

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