Diseases of the Forestomach, Abomasum, and Stomach

Question 1

what provides a mechanism for preventing colonization by and multiplication of pathogens in the forestomach?

Answer 1

rich microflora
alkaline pH

Question 2

what can nails and wires as foreign bodies result in?

Answer 2

perforation of reticulum, peritonitis, and/or pericarditis

Question 3

why is eating used batteries and paints a problem?

Answer 3

lead poisoning

Question 4

who are trichobezoars (hair balls) common in?

Answer 4

goats
bucket-fed calves

Question 5

what is primary tympany (bloat) from?

Answer 5

frothy bloat: diet

Question 6

why is ruminal bloat a problem?

Answer 6

compression of thorax: cardiorespiratory compromise

Question 7

when does primary/frothy bloat typically occur?

Answer 7

with a new diet: alfalfa, clover
too much protein

Question 8

what can cause secondary tympany?

Answer 8

obstruction by foreign body/tumors
damage to vagus nerve: abnormal motility
physical damage/compression

Question 9

what is thee only reliable indicator of antimortem bloat?

Answer 9

bloat line: sharp line, congestion cranial to

Question 10

what does a grain overload cause?

Answer 10

fermentation of excess cardbohydrates: pH drops, protozoa die
Lactobacillus and Streptococcus do well: D-lactate leads to influx of water and rumen atony

Question 11

what are the consequences of grain overload?

Answer 11

dehydration
lactic acidosis
rumenitis (mucosal damage)

Question 12

what does acidosis in the rumen lead to?

Answer 12

mucosal injury
invasion of resident flora: can be transported to liver and lungs

Question 13

what happens in mycotic rumenitis?

Answer 13

fungi invade vessels, leading to thrombosis and areas of infarction

Question 14

what is inflammation of the abomasum?

Answer 14

abomasitis

Question 15

what parasites can cause abomasitis?

Answer 15

Hemonchus conortus: sheep
Ostertagia: cattle and small ruminants

Question 16

what do Haemonchus species do?

Answer 16

voracious blood suckers: anemia and hypoproteinemia

Question 17

what does oastergagiasis result in?

Answer 17

impaired digestion: failure to thrive, hypoproteinemia, diarrhea

Question 18

how common are neoplasms of the forestomach?

Answer 18

rare

Question 19

what epithelial tumors can occur in the forestomach?

Answer 19

reticulorumen papilloma
rumen squamous cell carcinoma (from mouth to rumen)

Question 20

what are the three parts of the monogastric stomach?

Answer 20

cardia
fundus
pyloric region

Question 21

what lines the cardia of the monogastric stomach?

Answer 21

squamous epithelium

Question 22

what do gastric mucus cells secrete?

Answer 22

bicarbonate and mucus: buffers gastric acid

Question 23

what is gastric dilation and volvulus associated with?

Answer 23

exercise after large meals/water
aerophagia

Question 24

does dilation or volvulus come first in gastric dilation and volvulus?

Answer 24

no one knows which comes first: multifactorial

Question 25

what is primary gastric dilation and rupture in horses due to?

Answer 25

overconsumption of grain or cold water

Question 26

what is secondary gastric dilation and rupture in horses due to?

Answer 26

obstruction of small bowel or colic with ileus

Question 27

what are gastroduodenal ulcerations due to?

Answer 27

increased acid secretion and/or loss of mucosal integrity

Question 28

what is an erosion?

Answer 28

partial loss of mucosa

Question 29

what can cause gastric ulcers in small animals?

Answer 29

local disturbances or trauma to mucosal epithelial barrier elevated acid secretion

Question 30

where are gastric ulcers most common in pigs?

Answer 30

pars esophagea: squamous part

Question 31

what is often the outcome of gastric ulcers in pigs?

Answer 31

fatal: perforation, hemoabdomen, acute death common

Question 32

where can gastric ulcers occur in horses?

Answer 32

margo plicatus (squamous part) pars glandularis: less common

Question 33

what is a ulcer in the margo plicatus in foals associated with?

Answer 33

gastric reflux

Question 34

what parasite is a common finding in the stomach of horses?

Answer 34

Gasterophilus bots

Question 35

when is uremic gastritis seen?

Answer 35

mostly in dogs with severe renal disease infrequently cats and horses

Question 36

what is the most common gastric tumor in dogs?

Answer 36

gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 37

what is the most common gastric tumor in horses?

Answer 37

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 38

what is the most common gastric neoplasm in cats?

Answer 38

lymphoma

Question 39

when is lymphoma in the forestomach common in cattle?

Answer 39

with bovine leukemia virus also in heart, epidural space, retrobulbar

Question 40

who are gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyosarcomas common in?

Answer 40

dogs and horses more in small intestine

Question 41

what are leiomyosarcomas?

Answer 41

smooth muscle fibers

Question 42

are metastases common with gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyosarcomas?

Answer 42

no

Question 43

what are phytobezoars from?

Answer 43

excess of indigestible roughage

Question 44

how does primary bloat occur?

Answer 44

bubbles block the cardia and prevent eructation

Question 45

what can damage the vagus nerve and cause bloat?

Answer 45

inflammation: pharyngitis, mediastinitis, pleuritis, peritonitis

Question 46

what are the common fungi in mycotis rumenitis?

Answer 46

Mucor Absidia Rhizopus Aspergillus

Question 47

what bacteria can cause abomasitis?

Answer 47

Clostridium septicum: Braxy disease

Question 48

which Haemonchus spp infect sheep and cattle?

Answer 48

sheep: H. contortus cattle: H. placei

Question 49

what does prostaglandin E2 do?

Answer 49

stimulates mucus secretion inhibits acid secretion regulates blood flow

Question 50

which pigs usually get gastric ulcers?

Answer 50

penned, fed finely ground feed

Question 51

what are the lesions like with uremic gastritis?

Answer 51

mucosal hyperemia, erosions, hemorrhage thickened wall due to edema and deposition of calcium vasculitis: uremia-induced endothelial damage