Infectious Causes of Diarrhea by Species or Age Flashcards

1
Q

why are neonates more susceptible to pathogens?

A

immature mucosal barrier
increased susceptibility to enteric pathogens

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2
Q

what are some causes of infectious diarrhea in calves less than 3 weeks old?

A

enterotoxigenic E. coli
rotavirus
coronavirus
Cryptosporidium
Salmonellosis

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3
Q

what causes winter dysentery?

A

coronavirus

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4
Q

what are the main pathogens of nursery piglets (6-8 weeks)?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Rotaviral infection
transmissible gastroenteritis virus

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5
Q

what are some infectious causes of diarrhea in foals?

A

rotavirus, coronavirus
Clostridium perfringens A or C
Clostridium difficile
Salmonellosis
Lawsonia intracellularis
Rhodococcus equi
parasites

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6
Q

what does Rhodococcus equi cause in the lungs?

A

pyogranulomas

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7
Q

what does Rhodococcus equi cause in the gastrointestinal tract?

A

ulcerative pyogranulomas over the GALT and in mesenteric lymph nodes

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8
Q

what are some causes of infectious diarrhea in adult horses?

A

salmonella
Clostridium difficile
Coronavirus
potomac horse fever

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9
Q

what are the agents of potomac horse fever?

A

Neorickettsia risticii
Neorickettsia finleia

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10
Q

how does equine prolferative enteropathy cause osmotic diarrhea?

A

epithelial proliferation: malabsorption due to poorly formed villi

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11
Q

what makes a neonate’s mucosal barrier immature?

A

decreased gastric acid
decreased proteolytic activity
decreased mucus production
decreased IgA production

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12
Q

what pathogens cause necrohemorrhagic/fibronecrotic enteritis/enterocolitis?

A

parvovirus
bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease
salmonella
clostridia
coccidia

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13
Q

what pathogens cause villus atrophy?

A

rotavirus
coronavirus
cryptosporidium

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14
Q

what pathogens impact swine of all ages?

A

transmissible gastroenteritis virus
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
salmonellosis
swine dysentery

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15
Q

what happens when Rhodococcus equi is coughed up and swallowed?

A

enter intestinal M cells overlying GALT
ulcerative pyogranulomas over GALT and in mesenteric lymph nodes

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16
Q

how do horses geet exposed to potomac horse fever (Neorickettsia risticii and N. finleia)?

A

consuming infected snails of aquatic insects

17
Q

what lesions does potomac horse fever cause?

A

congestion, petechiae, edema in cecum and colon with mild mucosal erosions/ulcers

18
Q

what is the clinical relevance of equine proliferative enteropathy?

A

marked hypoproteinemia

19
Q

what is clostridial enteritis like in dogs?

A

young, small dogs
peracute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis: bloody diarrhea, vomiting, hemoconcentration
hemorrhagic necrosis in GI mucosa

20
Q

what are the causes of infectious diarrhea in kittens/cats?

A

feline parvovirus panleukopenia virus
feline enteric coronavirus
bacterial enteritis uncommon

21
Q

what cells does feline parvovirus/panleukopenia virus infect?

A

rapidly dividing cells: crypts, bone marrow, cerebellum

22
Q

can feline parvovirus/panleukopenia virus cause cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

yes: rare