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ABCP > Neurovascular anatomy of the upper limb > Flashcards

Neurovascular anatomy of the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

An area of transition between the neck and arm

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2
Q

What is the role of the axilla?

A

Distribution centre for the neurovascular structures that serve the upper limb

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3
Q

What are the four things that form the axilla?

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Upper thoracic wall
Humerus and related muscles

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4
Q

What is the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Lateral part of the pectoralis major

underlying pectoralis minor

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5
Q

What is the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Scapula and subscapularis on aterior surface

teres major and latissmus dorsi

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6
Q

What is the medial wall of the axilla?

A

thoracic wall and overlying serratus anterior

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7
Q

What is the lateral wall of the axila?

A

Intertubercular sulcus

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8
Q

What is the cervico- axillary canal? and what is it bounded by?

A

Passageway between the neck and axilla
1st rib
clavicle
superior edge of scapula

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9
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

A network of nerves with motor and sensory nerves

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10
Q

Where is the quadrangular space in relation to teres minor and what is present within it?

A

Axillary nerve and is inferior teres minor and posterior circumflex humeral artery

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11
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the triangular space?

A

superior border of the teres major

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12
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the triangular space?

A

the long head of the triceps

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13
Q

What is the superior boundary of the triangular space?

A

teres minor/suscapularis

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14
Q

What are the contents of the triangular space?

A

Scapular curcumflex artery

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15
Q

What is the superior border of the triangular interval?

A

teres major

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16
Q

What is the medial border of the triangular interval?

A

long head of the triceps brachii

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17
Q

What are the contents of the triangular interval?

A

The radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

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18
Q

What is the superior border of the quadrangular space?

A

Teres minor

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19
Q

What is the inferior border of the quadrangular space?

A

teres major

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20
Q

What is the medial border of the quadrangular space?

A

the long head of the tricpes brachii

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21
Q

What is the lateral border of the quadrangular space?

A

the surgical neck of the humerus

22
Q

What forms the floor (base) of the axilla?

A

Concave skin
Subcutaneous tissue
Axillary fascia

23
Q

What is the base of axilla supported by?

A

The clavipectoral fascia

24
Q

What are the contents of the axilla? and what are they embedded in?

A 
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Axillary lymph nodes
Brachial plexus
Biceps brachii – short head
Coracobrachialis
all embedded in fat
25
Q

What is the sleeve like extension called that the neurovascular structures are embedded in and what is it made of?

A

Axillary sheath

made up of connective tissue

26
Q

What happens to the brachial artery at the elbow?

A

It becomes the ulna and radial artery

27
Q

What are the 3 big blood vessels that originate from the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
left carotid artery
left subclavian artery

28
Q

What is meant by the term subclavian?

A

Under the clavicle

29
Q

What is the role of the axillary artery?

A

Supplies the walls of the axilla and related regions

30
Q

Where and what does the axillary artery start as?

A

Subclavian artery and starts at the lateral border of the first rib

31
Q

Where does the axillary artery finish as and as what?

A

Inferior border of teres major

32
Q

What is the axillary sheath continuous with as it traces into the root of the neck?

A

Prevertebral fascia

33
Q

How many parts is there of the axillary artery and what separates it?

A

3

pectoralis minor

34
Q

Describe the position of the first part of the axillary artery

A

Proximal to pec minor from medial part of pec minor and lateral part of 1st rib

35
Q

Describe the position of the second part of the axillary artery?

A

posterior to pec minor

36
Q

Describe the position of the third part of the axillary artery

A

distal to pec minor from lateral part of pec minor to inferior border of teres major

37
Q

How many branches is there in the axillary artery and how many in each part?

A

6 branches
1 branch in 1st part
2 branches in 2nd part
3 branches in 3rd part

38
Q

What is the branch(es) in the first part of the axillary artery?

A

Superior thoracic artery

39
Q

What is the branch(es) in the second part of the axillary artery?

A

Thoraco-acromial artery and lateral thoracic artery

40
Q

What is the branch(es) in the third part of the axillary artery?

A

Subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery and posterior circumflex artery

41
Q

What does the axillary vein start as and where does it start?

A

Basilic vein and inferior border of teres major

42
Q

What does the axillary vein finish as and where does it finish?

A

Subclavian vein and at the lateral border of the first rib

43
Q

What is the role of the cephalic vein?

A

Drains deoxygenated blood in vein

44
Q

What happens when there is dilation of the first part of the axillary artery?

A

aneurysm- the artery will enlarge and compress the trunk of the brachial plexus, causing pain and anaesthesia in the areas of skin supplied by the affected nerves

45
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

Formed by the union of the anterior rami of the last 4 cervical (C5-C8) & first thoracic (T1) nerves which make the roots

46
Q

From medial to lateral what are the five parts of the brachial plexus?

A 
Roots 
Trunks 
Divisions 
Cords
Terminal nerves
47
Q

What are the trunks and where do they come from?

A

Superior -C5 and C6
Middle - C7
Inferior - C8 and T1

48
Q

How is the posterior cord of the brachial plexus formed?

A

3 posterior divisions come from the 3 trunks to form the posterior cord

49
Q

How is the lateral cord of the brachial plexus formed?

A

an anterior division from each the trunk superior and the middle trunk

50
Q

How is the medial cord of the brachial plexus formed?

A

it is formed from the anterior division which comes from the inferior trunk

ABCP (28 decks)

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