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ABCP > Nerve 1 > Flashcards

Nerve 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What is the CNS composed of?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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3
Q

What type of neurons does the CNS contain?

A

Relay neurons

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4
Q

What is the PNS composed of?

A

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Peripheral nerves

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5
Q

What type of neurons does the PNS contain?

A

Sensory neurons

Motor neurons

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6
Q

What are the six types of neuroglial cells?

A 
Schwann cells 
Astrocytes 
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells 
Satellite cells
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7
Q

What do all neurons consist of?

A

Cell body
axon
dendrites

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8
Q

What is the axon?

A

A long cytoplasmic extension specialised in generating or conducting nerve impulses to other cells that terminate in dilations known as end bulbs

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9
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Short processes specialised in receiving stimuli from other cells

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10
Q

What are the four different structural types of nerve cells?

A

Anaxonic
Bipolar
Unipolar
Multipolar

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11
Q

What does anaxonic mean?

A

Axon cannot be distinguished from dendrites

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12
Q

What does bipolar mean?

A

Axon and single dendrite on opposite ends of the soma

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13
Q

What does unipolar mean?

A

Dendrite and axon emerging from same process

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14
Q

What does multipolar mean?

A

Two or more dendrites, separate from the axon

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15
Q

What are Nissl bodies?

A

Combination of free ribosomes and RER

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16
Q

What is neuropil?

A

Mass of interwoven nerve endings and dendrites from other neurons

17
Q

What is the membrane of the axon known as?

A

Axolemma

18
Q

What is the cytoplasm of the axon known as?

A

Axoplasm

19
Q

What are neurotubules?

A

Like conveyor belts to transport numerous substances along an axon between the soma and the axon terminal

20
Q

What are neurofilaments?

A

Major component of the neuronal cytoskeleton, they provide structural support for the axon and regulate the axon diameter

21
Q

What is myelin sheath made up of?

A

Schwann cells in PNS

Oligondendrocytes in CNS

22
Q

What is the role of myelin?

A

To act as an insulator and allow for faster transmission of nerve signals and helps repair of axons

23
Q

What happens during multiple sclerosis?

A

Myelin sheaths surrounding the axon is damaged by an autoimmune mechanism that t interferes with the activity of the affected neurons

24
Q

What CT surrounds an individual axon?

A

Endoneurium

25
Q

What CT surrounds a nerve fasicle?

A

Perineurium

26
Q

What CT surrounds a nerve?

A

Epineurium

27
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin?

A

The base of the medulla oblongata

28
Q

Where does the spinal cord travel?

A

Inferiorly within the vertebral canal surrounded by the spinal meninges

29
Q

How does the conus medullaris form?

A

At L2 vertebral level the spinal cord levels off

30
Q

What is the name given to the spinal nerves that arise from the end of the spinal cord bundled together?

A

Cuada equina

31
Q

What is the outer layer of the spinal cord known as?

A

white matter

32
Q

What is the inner layer of the spinal cord known as?

A

grey matter

33
Q

Label the spinal cord

A

Slide 20 nerve 1

34
Q

What is the posterior side of the spinal cord?

A

Posterior - pointy - pointy things hurt - sensory

35
Q

What are ganglia?

A

Ovoid structures containing neuronal cell bodies and their surrounding glial satellite cells supported by connective tissue and surrounded by delicate CT and surrounded by a denser capsule

36
Q

What determines if it id a sensory or automatic ganglion?

A

the direction of the nerve impulse

37
Q

How does neural regeneration occur?

A

Rare neural stem and progenitor cells (located near the ependyma) allow some replacement of neurons throughout life

ABCP (28 decks)

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