Cell 1 Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a collection of cells specialised to perform a particular type of function
What are the four different types of tissue?
Connective, epithelium, muscle and nerve
What is the role of the epithelium tissue?
Lining, covering and glands both internally and externally .
What is the role of the connective tissue?
Support and protection
What is the role of the nerve tissue?
Fast communication- peripheral nerves of the body provide the sensation motor function.
What is the role of muscle tissue?
Movement
What is an organ?
It is part of the body, composed of more than one tissue, that forms a structural unit responsible for a particular function.
What are the two layers of skin and what are they composed of?
Epidermis- epithelium
Dermis -connective tissue
What is the cell membrane described as?
A phospholipid bilayer containing embedded integral membrane proteins with peripheral membrane proteins attached to its surfaces.
What is the role of cholesterol?
To maintain fluidity at a regardless of temperatures.
What are the functions of the cell membrane?
Structural support Compartmentalisation Selectively permeable Signal transduction Intercellular interaction
What is meant by compartmentalisation?
Specialised activities contained and are independently regulated.
What is meant by selectively permeable membrane?
Regulates passage of specific solutes
What is meant by signal transduction?
Responds to and transmits stimuli
What is meant by intercellular interaction?
Allows cells to recognise and signal each other.
Cell to cell adherence in an epithelium- tight secure boundary
Regulates the entry and exit of molecules
What are the three types of lipids?
Phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipds (nervous tissue)
What are the four types of protein in the cell membrane?
Transporters, anchors. receptors, enzymes
What is the role of transporters?
To allow passage of small ions, molecules and water in either direction
What is the role of anchors?
It anchors the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM)
What is the role of receptors?
To allow recognition and localised binding of molecules
What is the role of enzymes?
Variety of roles- ion pumping and act as integral membrane proteins.
What is the main role of the nucleus?
The main role of the nucleus is to duplicate genetic info
What is chromatin?
It is a highly folded nucleoprotein complex that consists of DNA and structural proteins (histones)
What is the role of the nucleolus?
Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and initial ribosome assembly
What is the nuclear envelope?
A double membrane with a perinuclear space
What is the role of the nuclear pores?
For chemical communication between the nucleus and the cystosol- mediating the active transport of proteins, ribonucleoproteins and RNA
What is the nuclear lamina?
Meshwork of intermediate filaments called lamins.
What is the role of the nuclear lamina?
Supports the nuclear envelope
Essential in DNA replication, transcription and gene regulation.
Anchors heterochromatin and important in spatial organisation of nuclear pore.
What are the five distinct parts of the mitochondria?
- Outer mitochondrial membrane
- Intermembrane space
- Inner mitochondrial membrane (contains ATP synthase)
- Cristae space
- Matrix
What is the role of mitochondria?
Specialised for aerobic respiration.
Powerhouse of the cell- produce ATP
