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ABCP > Glenohumeral joint and movement (Shoulder Joint) > Flashcards

Glenohumeral joint and movement (Shoulder Joint) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the clavicular notch?

A

To articulate good movement

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2
Q

What are the two ends of the clavicle? Which is medial and which lateral? and shape of each?

A

Acromial end (lateral + flat) and sternal end (medial+fat)

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3
Q

What does the clavicle link together?

A

The axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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4
Q

What are the two joints on the clavicle?

A

Acromio-clavicular joint and sternal clavicular joint

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5
Q

How many angles on the scapula and name them?

A

3 angles- superior- inferior- lateral

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6
Q

How many borders on the scapula and name them?

A

3 borders- medial - lateral - superior

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7
Q

What is the name of the artery and nerve that runs through the scapula?

A

Suprascapula artery and suprascapula nerve

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8
Q

Describe the head of the humerus and identify the three properties on a diagram

A

Lesser tubercle, greater tubercle and inter-tubercular grove.

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9
Q

What is the role of the deltiod tuberosity?

A

For inversion of triangular muscle called deltiod

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10
Q

What is the role of the radial grove?

A

For radial nerve

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11
Q

Label the anatomical neck

A

Where the head meets the tubercle

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12
Q

Label the surgical neck? Why is this important?

A

Where the head meets the body

its where the humerus is most liable to fracture

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13
Q

What is the role of the axillary nerve in the deltoid muscle?

A

Innovates the deltoid muscle

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14
Q

What happens when there is an injury in the surgical neck/

A

Damage to the axillary nerve causing paralysis in the deltioid muscle

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15
Q

What is the greater tubercle and what attaches to it?

A

Large projection lateral to the head and the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor attach here. (SIT)

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16
Q

What is the name given to the small shallow cavity that articulates with the head of the humerus?

A

gleniod

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17
Q

What name is given to the joint used for abduction and and adduction of the arm?

A

Scapulo- thoracic joint

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18
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle type synovial joint

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19
Q

Where is the sternoclavicular joint located?

A

Between the clavicle and manubrium of the sternum

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20
Q

What are the articular surfaces covered with?

A

Fibrocartlidge

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21
Q

What separates the two joints into two compartments?

A

A fibrouscartillaginous articular disc

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22
Q

What are the 5 movements that require the sternoclavicular joint involvement?

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, roatation

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23
Q

Describe elevation of the shoulders

A

Shrugging of the shoulders or abducting the arm over 90°

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24
Q

Describe depression of the shoulders

A

Drooping shoulders or extending the arm at the shoulder behind the body

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25
Q

Describe protraction of the shoulders

A

Moving the shoulder girdle anteriorly

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26
Q

Describe retraction of the shoulders

A

Moving the shoulder girdle posteriorly

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27
Q

Describe rotation of the shoulders

A

When the arm is raised over the head by flexion the clavicle rotates passively as the scapula rotates.

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28
Q

What is the role of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

Acts as a pivot for movement of the clavicle

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29
Q

What is the joint capsule?

A

The joint capsule consists of a fibrous outer layer and inner synovial membrane.

30
Q

Where is the fibrous end of the joint capsule located?

A

The fibrous layer extends from the epiphysis of the sternal end of the clavicle, to the borders of the articular surfaces and the articular disc.

31
Q

What is the role of the synovial membrane in the joint capsule?

A

Lines the inner surface and produces synovial fluid to reduce friction between the articulating structures.

32
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the sternoclavicular joints?

A

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular joints, interclavicular joint and costoclavicular joint

33
Q

What is the role of the sternoclavicular ligaments?

A

These strengthen the joint capsule anteriorly and posteriorly

34
Q

What is the role of the interclavicular ligament?

A

This spans the gap between the sternal ends of each clavicle and reinforces the joint superiorly.

35
Q

What is the role of the costoclavicular ligament?

A

Strong ligament and the main stabilising force for the joint, resisting elevation of the pectoral girdle

36
Q

Where is the costoclavicular ligament?

A

The two parts of this ligament (often separated by a bursa) bind at the first rib and cartilage inferiorly and the the anterior and posterior borders of the joint, resisting in elevation of the pectoral girdle.

37
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane type of synovial joint. Consists of an articulation between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula.
Allows a degree of axial rotation and anteroposterior movement.

38
Q

What are the two atypical features of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

The articular surfaces of the joint are lined with fibrocartlidge as opposed to hyaline
The joint cavity is partially divided by an articular disc- a wedge of fibrocartlidge suspended from the upper pat of the capsule.

39
Q

What are the three major ligaments present in the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular
Conoid
Trapeziod

40
Q

What are the coniod and trapeziod ligaments collectively known as and what is its role?

A

Coracoclavicicular ligament

It is a very strong structure, effectively suspending the weight of the upper limb from the clavicle

41
Q

Where is the acromioclavicular ligament and what is its role?

A

It runs horizontally from the acromion to the lateral clavicle. It covers the joint capsule , reinforcing its superior aspect.

42
Q

Where is the coniod ligament?

A

Runs vertically from the coraciod process of the scapula to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle.

43
Q

Where is the trapezoid ligament?

A

Runs from the coracoid process of the scapula to the trapezoid line of the clavicle.

44
Q

What is the arterial supply to the acromioclavicular joint? And where do these arteries arise from?

A

Suprascapular artery- arises from the subclavian artery at the thyrocervical trunk
Thoraco-acromial artery-arises from the axillary artery

45
Q

What nerves innervate the articular branches of the acromioclavicular joint and where do they arise to?

A

The articular branches of the suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves. Both arise directly from the brachial plexus.

46
Q

What is an alternative name to the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

47
Q

How is the shoulder joint formed?

A

The shoulder joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity (fossa) of the scapula.

48
Q

What type of cartilage covers the articulating surfaces?

A

Hyaline

49
Q

What deepens the glenoid fossa by a fibrocartilage rim?

A

Glenoid labrum

50
Q

What is a bursa?

A

A bursa is a a synovial fluid filled sac, which acts as a cushion between tendons and other joint structures

51
Q

What are the two important bursa in the shoulder joint?

A

Subacromial and Subscapular

52
Q

What are the important ligaments involved in the shoulder joint?

A

Glenhumeral ligament, Coroacohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament, coracoaromial liagment

53
Q

As a synovial joint what term is used to describe the shoulder joint.

A

Ball and socket

54
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the glenohumeral joint?

A

It is via the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries, and the suprascapular artery. Branches from these arteries form an anastamotic network around the joint

55
Q

What nerves supply the shoulder joint?

A

The axillary, suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves

56
Q

Where is the rotator cuff located?

A

SITs in the greater tubercle of the humerus

57
Q

What are the three muscles attached to the intertubercle groove?

A

Teres major latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

“lady between two majors”

58
Q

What factors contribute to the mobility of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Type of joint (ball and socket)
Bony surfaces-shallow glenoid cavity and large humeral head
laxity of the joint capsule

59
Q

What factors contribute to the stability of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscle - resting tone of these muscles act to “pull” the humeral head into the glenoid cavity.
Glenoid labrum-fibrocartilaginous ridge surrounding the glenoid cavity- deepens cavity and reduces the risk of dislocation
Ligaments - The ligaments act to reinforce the joint capsule and forms the coracoarcroial arch

60
Q

What are the 4 superficial muscles of the back?

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboids
Levator Scapulae

61
Q

What is the function of the rhomboids?

A

retraction of scapula

62
Q

Describe the deltoid muscle

A

Large and triangular in shape
Base attached to the scapula and clavicle
Apex attached to the humerus

63
Q

What happens when the deltoid reaches the lateral surface of the shaft of the humerus?

A

Inserts into the deltoid tuberosity

64
Q

What is the major function of deltoid?

A

abduction of the arm beyond the initial 10° accomplished by supraspinatus

65
Q

What are the three anterior muscles on the back?

A

Pectoralis major/minor and serratus minor

66
Q

Describe the journey of the long thoracic nerve.

A

Enters the axilla by passing down over the lateral border of the first rib behind the axillary vessels and brachial plexus.
descends over the lateral surface of the serratus anterior, which it supplies

67
Q

What are the five muscles primarily involved in shoulder girdle movements?

A 
Trapezius -upper middle lower
Rhomboid-deep
Levator scapula
serratus anterior
pectoralis minor-deep
68
Q

Name the ligament that surrounds the head of the radius?

A

Annular

69
Q

Which nerve is most likely to be damaged by a dislocation of the shoulder joint?

A

Axillary nerve

70
Q

What sort of tissue lie between the head of the humerus and the coracoacromial liagament?

A

Subacromial

71
Q

Which teres muscle rotates medially and and which laterally?

A

Teres minor-lateral

Teres major - medially

72
Q

Give the nerve supply of serratus anterior muscle?

A

Long thoracic nercve

ABCP (28 decks)

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