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ABCP > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

What is epithelium?

A

Tissue which covers and lines tissues

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2
Q

What is endothelium?

A

Epithelium like tissue that lines the cardiovascular system

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3
Q

Where is epithelium found on the interior of the body?

A

Oral cavity
Alimentary Canal
Respiratory Tract
Genitourinary Tract

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4
Q

Where is epithelium found on the exterior?

A

Exterior surfaces e.g epidermis of skin

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5
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

Epithelial like tissue that lines internal closed cavities

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6
Q

Where is epithelium found in the body?

A

Glands and ducts

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7
Q

What is the function of the epithelium?

A

Form continuous sheets that act as boundaries between environment surface and teh underlying tissues
Cell proliferation for repair and renewal
Transport of ions solutes and molecules across epithelium surface
Protection
Absorption
Secretion
Sensory perception

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8
Q

What are the features of the epithelium?

A 
Cells are contiguous
Cells are polarised 
no intracellular substances 
apical membranes face a free surface
basal regions lie on a basement membrane 
epithelia are usually avascular
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9
Q

What is the name given to one cell layer of epithelium?

A

simple

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10
Q

What is the name given to 2 or more layers of cells

A

Stratified

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11
Q

What are the 3 different shapes of epithelium cells?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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12
Q

What are the 3 differetn surface specialisations?

A

Cillia
Microvilli
Keratin

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13
Q

What is the role of Simple squamous cells?

A

Facilitate passive diffusion of gases or fluids

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14
Q

Describe the features of a simple squamous epithelial cell?

A

So thin that cant see much cytoplasm and nucleus looks like a fried egg

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15
Q

Where are simple cuboidal cells found?

A

Lines small ducts and tubules

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16
Q

What is the function of simple cubodial cells?

A

Have excretory secretory and absorptive functions

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17
Q

What is the function of simple columnar cells?

A

Absorption and secretion

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18
Q

What are pseudostratified columnar cilliated cells?

A

Appears as many layers due to nuclei being at different levels but all cells make contact with the basement membrane

19
Q

Where are the microridges on the SSNK and what do they do?

A

On apical surfaces

Microridges help transport substances or provide stretch

20
Q

What is the role of SSK?

A

adapted to withstand constant abrasion and desiccation

21
Q

What are transitional cells?

A

Transition between stratified squamous and stratified columnar

22
Q

What is the role of transitional cells?

A

Adapted to withstand stretch and toxicity

23
Q

What are the two classification of glands?

A

Exocrine and endocrine

24
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Secretes the product onto a surface via the ducts

25
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

Secrete product into the bloodstream

no ducts

26
Q

How do glands develop?

A

Begin as secretory cells on surface of epithelium Unicellular glands and then multicellular glands form
Exocrine glands develop a duct with secretory cells at the bottom of a secretory unit
Endocrine glands- develop by the isolation of the bud of cells from the surface of the epithelium-isolated mass then acquires its own blood supply

27
Q

What are the two types of exocrine gland classification based on their structure?

A

Ducts and secretory units

28
Q

What types of exocrine duct glands are there?

A

Simple - unbranched

Compound-branched

29
Q

What type of exocrine secretory unit glands are there?

A

Acinar- shaped like a hollow berry forms a spherical mass called an acinus with a central lumen extending to a duct
Tubular - test-tube shaped

30
Q

What are the three different types of exocrine gland classification based on secretion?

A

Mucous glands
Serous glands
Seromuscus glands

31
Q

Describe the mucous glands

A

Viscous fluid

rich in mucopolysaccharides to lubricate and protect

32
Q

Describe the serous glands

A

watery fluid

rich in enzymes

33
Q

Describe seromucus glands

A

contains both serous and muscous cells

34
Q

Describe the serous cells

A

Cuboidal cells arranged around a central lumen with a sepherical nuclei
dark staining

35
Q

Describe the mucous cells

A

Cuboidal cells arranged around a central lumen with flattened nuclei at base
pale staining

36
Q

What is the method of discharge of merocrine gland?

A

Veasicle secrete contents into duct

37
Q

What is the method of discharge of apocrine gland?

A

Secretory products are stored in the cell and pinched off portion of the cell in the secretion

38
Q

What is the method of discharge of holocrine gland?

A

Cell shed into the duct and dying cell releases secretory products
replcacement cell will come along

39
Q

What are the three adhesion specialisations of eptihelia?

A

Tight junction
Intermediate junction
Desmosone

40
Q

What is a tight junction?

A

Membranes of adjacent cells are sealed together at points to prevent transport of substances between the cells
Maintains apical and lateral domains

41
Q

What is an intermediate junction?

A

Ribbon- like adhering junction anchors to terminal web underlying apical membrane

42
Q

What is a desmosone?

A

Spot like adhering junction- anchors to cell cytoskeleton

43
Q

What are the 6 functions of the basement membrane of epithelia?

A

Anchors epitheilia and acts as a barrier
Defines cell polarity
Organise protein distribution in attached cells
Promotes cell survival, proliferation and differentiation
Serves as highways for cell migration
In tissue regeneration. can act as a scaffold for regenerating cells to adhere to

ABCP (28 decks)

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