Cell 3 Flashcards
What is the role of the cytoskeleton? long answer
Gives the cell shape and mechanical resistance to deformation
Able to contract - deforming the cell and allowing cells to migrate/move
Involved in signalling pathways
Involved in the uptake of extracellular material (endocytosis)
Segregates chromosomes during cellular division
Involved in intracellular transport
Forms specialised structures, such as flagella and cilia
What are the three types of filament within the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
What is the role of the actin filaments( microfilaments)?
Determines the shape of the cell’s surface & control locomotion
What is the role of the microtubules?
Determines the positions of membrane - enclosed organelles & direct intracellular transport
What is the role of the intermediate filaments?
Provide mechanical strength and prevent stretching
Form a network around the nucleus and extend into the cell periphery
Transmit shearing forces through desmosones between cells.
What provides the epithelial cells attachment to the basal lamina?
Hemidesmosones
What are microtubules?
Mircrotubules are hollow tubes formed from molecules of tubulin
What are the three cell surface specialisations?
Cillia
Flagella
Microvilli
Describe the structure of cillia
Hair like cellular appendages with microtubules at the centre
(9+2 arrangement)
Anchored into a basal body
Where is cillia formed?
respiratory tract and the female reproductive tract
What is the function of the cillium?
to move fluid over the surface of the cell in one direction
Describe the structure of flagella
Hair like structure with a bundle of microtubules in the centre
What is the function of flagella?
Locomotion
forms a whip-like action /propellor
What motor protein is present in flagella?
Dynein
What human cells use a flagellum?
Sperm cells (only cell to do so )
