Muscle innervation function origin and insertion Flashcards
Deltoid
Nerve innervation: axillary nerve
Origin: Clavicle, acromion + spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity
Function: Anterior fibres- flexion and medial rotation
Posterior fibres- extension and lateral rotation
Middle fibres- the major abductor of the arm
Trapezius
Nerve innervation: Accessory nerve
Origin: Skull, nuchall ligament and spinous process C7-T12
Insertion:Clavicle, acromion and scapula spine
Function: upper fibres- elevate scapula
Middle fibres- retract scapula
Lower fibres- pull scapula inferiorly
Lattisimus Dosi
Nerve innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve
Origin: T7-T12
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Function: extends, abducts and medially rotates the upper limb
Serratus anterior
Nerve innervation: long thoracic nerve
Origin: lateral aspects of ribs 1-8
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Function: Rotates the scapula
Teres minor
Nerve innervation: Axillary nerve
Origin: Posterior surface of the scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
Function: laterally rotates the arm
Teres major
Nerve innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve
Origin: posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion: Medial lip of the intertubercular groove
Function: Adducts the shoulder and medially rotates the arm
Pectoralis major
Nerve innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Origin: Clavicular head - Anterior surface of the medial clavicle
Sternocostal head- Anterior surface of the sternum
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Function: Adducts and medially rotates the upper limb
Pectoralis minor
Nerve innervation: medial pectoral nerve
Origin: 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs
Insertion: Coracoid process
Function: Stabilises the scapula by drawing it anteriorinferiorly against the thoracic wall
Subscapularis
Nerve innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Function: medially rotates the arm
Supraspinatous
Nerve innervation: Suprascapular nerve
Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
Function: Abducts the arm 0-15 and assists deltoid for 15-90 degrees
Infraspinatous
Nerve innervation: Suprascapular nerve
Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercel of the humerus
Function: Laterally rotates arm
Biceps brachii
Nerve innervation: Musculocutaneous
Origin: Long head- Superglenoid tubercle
Short head coracoid process
Insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Function: Supination of the forearm - flexes the arm the elbow and the shoulder
Triceps brachii
Nerve innervation: Radial nerve
Origin: Long head- infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head- humerus (superior to radial groove)
Medial head- humerus (inferior to radial groove)
Insertion: Olecrannon of the ulna
Function: Extension of the arm at the elbow
Coracobrachialis
Nerve innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin: Coracoid process
Insertion: Medial side of the humerus
Function: Flexion of the arm at the shoulder and weak adduction
Brachialis
Nerve innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin: Medial and lateral surface of the humeral shaft
Insertion: Ulna tuberosity
Function: Flexion of the elbow
Aconeus
Nerve innervation: Radial nerve
Origin: Lateral epicodyle
Insertion: Posterior and lateral part of the olecranon
Function: Extends and stablises the elbow joint
Abducts the ulna
Pronator teres
Nerve innervation: median nerve
Origin: Medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: Mid shaft of the radius
Function: Pronation of the forearm
Flexor carpi radialis
Nerve innervation: median nerve
Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Base of metacarpal 2 and 3
Function: flexion and abduction of the wrist
Palmaris longus
Nerve innervation: Median nerve
Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Flexor retinaculum
Function: Flexion at the wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Nerve innervation: ulnar nerve
Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Pisiform carpal bone
Function: Flexion and adduction of the wrist
Flexor digitorum Superfilicialis
Nerve innervation: Median nerve
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the radius
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of the thumb
Function: Flexes the metacrpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers, and flexes the wrist
Flexor digitorum profunus
Nerve innervation: medial half - ulnar
Lateral half - anterior interosseous nerve
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: Splits into 4 and attaches to distal phalanges of 4 fingers
Function: Only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. Flexes at metacarpophalangeal joints and at the wrist
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Nerve innervation: Ulnar nerve
Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of the little finger
Function: Flexes the MCP joint of the little finger
Pronator quadratus
Nerve innervation: Anterior interosseous nerve
Origin: Anterior surface of the ulna
Insertion: Anterior surface of radius
Function: Pronates the forearm
Opponens pollicis
Nerve innervation: median nerve
Origin: Tubercle of trapezium
Insertion: Lateral margin of the metacarpal of the thumb
Function: Opposes the thumb by medially rotating and flexing the metacarpal on the trapezium
Abductor pollicis brevis
Nerve innervation: Median nerve
Origin: Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion: Lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Function: Abducts the thumb
Flexor pollicis brevis
Nerve innervation: Median nerve
Origin: Tubercel of the trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Function: Flexes the MCP joint of the thumb
Opponens digiti minimi
Nerve innervation: Ulnar nerve
Origin: Hook of hamate and associated flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Medial margin of metacarpal 5
Function: Rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm producing opposition
Abductor digiti minimi
Nerve innervation: Ulnar nerve
Origin: Pisiform and tendon of FCU
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of the little finger
Function:abducts the little finger
Supinator
Nerve innervation: Deep branch of radial nerve
Origin: Lateral epicondyle and posterior surface of ulna
Insertion: posterior surface of the radius
Function: supinates the forearm
Extensor Carpi radialis brevis
Nerve innervation: radial nerve
Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Metacarpal bones 2 and 3
Function: extends and abducts the wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Nerve innervation: Radial nerve
Origin: supracondylar ridge
Insertion: Metacarpal bones 2 and 3
Function: Extends and abducts the wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Nerve innervation: Ulnar nerve
Origin: Medial epicondyle
Insertion: Pisiform carpal bone
Function: Extension and adduction of the wrist
Extensor digitorum
Nerve innervation: deep branch of the radial nerve
Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Splits in 4 and inserts into extensor hood of each finger
Function: Extends medial 4 fingers at the MCP and IP joints
Rhomboid major
Nerve innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
Origin: T2 to T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Function:Retracts and rotates the scapula
Rhomboid minor
Nerve innervation: dorsal scapula nerve
Origin: C7 to T1
Insertion: Medial border of scapulae
Function: Retracts and rotates the scapula
Levator scapulae
Nerve innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
Origin: C1 to C4
Insertion: Medial border of scpaulae
Function: Elevates the scapulae
lateral two lumbricals
Nerve innervation : Palmar digital branch of median nerve
Adductor pollicis longus
Nerve innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Origin: Head 1 - metacarpal 3
head 2- capitate
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of the first
Function: Base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
Palmar interossei
Nerve innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve
Origin: metacarpals
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanges and extensor hood
Function: Adduct the finger at the MCP joint
Dorsal interossei
Nerve innervation: deep ulnar nerve
Origin: Metacarpals
Insertion: extensor hood and base of proximal phalanges
Function:
Extensor indices proprius
Nerve innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
Origin: Posterior surface of ulna and interossseous membrane
Insertion: Extensor hood of index finger
Function: Extends the index finger
Lumbricals
Nerve innervation: Index and middle fingers - median nerve
Medial two lumbricals - ulnar nerve
Origin: Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: Extensor hood
Function: Flex at the MCP joint, and extend at the interphalangeal joints of each finger
Subclavius
Nerve innervation: subclavian nerve
Origin: Junction of first rib and costal cartilage
Insertion: Subclavius Nerve to subclavius Junction of 1st rib and costal cartilage Inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Function: Anchors and depresses the clavicle
