Articulations and Movements Flashcards
What is the role of the skeleton?
Provides a framework to attach the musculature and therefore locomotion
Offers protection to some vital organs. E.g. the brain
Production site of red and white blood cells
Store of calcium and phosphorus
How many bones in the skeleton?
206
What are the two separate parts of the skeleton and how many bones in each?
Axial 80 and appendicular-126
What is the role of the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton forms the upright axis of the body and provides protection for the brain, spinal cord and vital organs within the thorax
How many vertebrae?
26
What are the sections of the spine and how many vertebrae in each?
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacrum- fused into 1 3-4 coccyx –fused into 1
How many spinal nerves?
31
How many spinal nerves in each section?
Cervical spinal nerve- 8 12 thoracic spinal nerve 5 lumbar 5 sacrum 1 coccyx
How many pairs of ribs?
12
What is the roles of the appedicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton consists of bones of the upper and lower limbs and girdles (pectoral and pelvic), which are attached to the body.
What are the 3 bones in the hand and how many of each?
8 carpals
5 metacarpals per hand
14 – phalagnes
What are the 3 bones in the foot and how many?
7 tarsal
5 metatarsal
14 phalanges
What is a joint?
places where bones meet
Three types of joint and describe them?
Fibrous joints- bones held together by Connective tissue
Cartilaginous joints- bones held together by cartilage
Synovial joints- have synovial cavity and articular capsule and often ligaments
An immovable joint?
sutures (fibrous joint between skull bones)
teeth
A joint with slight movement?
Epiphysis, vertebrae and pubic symphysis
A joint with free movement?
synovial
Example of a fibrous joint?
Tough connective tissue membrane between tib and fib
What is a cartilaginous joint?
These joints unite two bones either by
hyaline cartilage or by fibrous cartilage (symphyses)
What is the concavity of the bone known as?
fossa
What is a rounded projection of bone known as?
Tubercle
What is the role of the synovial membrane?
acts as lubricant reduces friction and provides nourishment
example of where synovial joints are located
elbow, hip, shoulder, knee
Where is the hyaline cartlidge located?
Covers the articular surfacee
Role of the meniscus
act as a cushion
Role of bursa in synovial joint?
to reduce friction and facilitate movement
Where is the ball and socket joint on the hip?
Between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone
What type of joint is located between the head of the radius and radial notch of the ulna?
Pivot joint
What joints are used for flexion extension and hyperextension?
Atlanto-occipital and cervical intervertebral joints
What is circumduction?
Movement of distal end in a circle
What is roatation?
Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
What is abduction in the wrist known as?
Radial deviation
What is adduction in the wrist known as?
Ulna deviation
What joint is used for rotation of the head?
Atlanto-axial joint
What is supination?
movement of forearm so palms face forward or upward
What is pronation?
movement of forearm so palms face backward or downward
What joint is used for pronation and supination of the wrist?
Radioulnar joint
