NEUROPLASTICITIES HIGH YIELD Flashcards
what is the leading cause of physical disability in the US?
musculoskeletal injuries
what is the limiting factor in joint rehabilitation?
arthrogenic muscle inhibition
*spinal reflex motor pathways, specifically of the afferent information
how can we assess reflex excitability?
Hoffmann reflex
what is the effect of joint effusion on reflexive control?
simulated effusion like saline injections elicits alterations in reflex excitability like:
less reflexive muscle contraction
leads to altered gait mechanics
occurs absent of pain
what is the effect of neural impairment after joint injury?
muscle weakness
bilateral
present in acute stages of pain
where does the initial neural impulse for impairment originate from the brain?
*acute deficits in motor cortex excitability?
primary motor cortex along the corticospinal pathway the muscle
*no changes following joint effusion model
no impairments acute stages of ACL injury
how do we measure cortex excitability?
results?
TMS
decreased cortical and reflexive excitability, whether beneficial to increased or decreased depends on the environment and body’s need
what is cortical excitability, measure of motor excitability of the brain, based on?
motor threshold
size of motor evoked potential
slope of stimulus response curve
maximal response
motor excitability elicits?
sensitivity of the alpha motor neuron pool as a result decreasing secondary to arthrogenic inhibition: pain, swelling, injury
reflexive excitability
in motor excitability, what is the effect of decrease cortical excitability?
how to we further examine this?
tied to poor strength outcomes after ACL injury
look at the strength deficits from a neural perspective
what does cortical inhibition prevent? what is the result?assessed how?
*when is this disrupted
constant reflex loop
spasticity, rigidity, dystonia
TMS
- cortical silent period
- short and long intracortical inhibition
*after ligament injury
what is correlated with our nervous systems after injury?
laxity and passive stiffness
this control maintains a joint stability more than just from the sensation and motor response , like motor planning and dual tasking
sensorimotor control
what is happening during sensorimotor control? what is increased, decreased
increased sensory cortex activity
increased motor planning
increased visual processing
decreased task flexibility
in sensorimotor control, when we see an increase in attentional resources for task, then there is decrease in _____?
task execution and flexibility
more difficult to adapt to unanticipated external stimuli
what are the steps in the neural processing of muscle injury?
injury acute inflammation arthrogenic inhibition healing process -instability -copers long term deficits
what are the effects of neural impairment on muscle injury?
altered afferent information
reflexive inhibition of musculature
changes in somatosensory cortex
increased reliance on other cortical areas
decreased motor output
the effects of neural impairment on muscle injury are supported by?
increased somatosensory activation leading to: decreased proprioception; change in muscle synergies
decreased motor cortex excitability leads to:
decreased muscle strength
increased intracortical inhibition leading to:
stiffness changes
altered cortical activation in task execution:
decreased task flexibility
how can we generate neural plasticity?
posterior association area anterior association area premotor cortex visual unimodal association cortex primary motor cortex
how do we affect neuromuscular system to modify performance?
internal feedback model
external feedback model
feedback specific affecting frontal, occipital, precuneous poles
frontal pole on feedback specific cortical activation for performance modification is responsible for?
working memory and attention
occipital pole on feedback specific cortical activation for performance modification is responsible for?
visual spatial and processing
precuneous pole on feedback specific cortical activation for performance modification is responsible for?
sensory integration
auditory effect from feedback specific cortical activation
able to perform without feedback leading to decrease in sensory activation leading to facilitate transition to autonomous stage
visual effect from feedback specific cortical activation
reliant on feedback leading to increase sensory activation leading to inhibit motor learning progression
what is stroboscopic visual knockdown useful for?
disrupts the visual system and allows:
allows complex action
improves visual processing and action anticipation
what are some neuroscience tools to help with neuromuscular intervention?
motor learning
visual motor
neurocognition
virtual reality
