MUSCLE STRENGTH

Question 1

name this theory:

action potential causes myosin heads to flex and create cross bridges with actin filaments

myosin pulls actin toward sarcomere center

H band becomes smaller

Z disc move toward sarcomere center

changes in sarcomere length

tubule system

Answer 1

Sliding Filament Theory

Question 2

what’s the action potential sequence?

Answer 2

motor end plate receives signal

release acetylcholine at motor end plate

calcium ions released from sarcoplasmic reticulum

calcium ions bind troponin

extended myosin head attach to actins binding sites creating cross bridge between actin and myosin

myosin contact with actin causes hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate, producing energy

ADP releases from myosin heads, creating power stroke

new ATP attaches to myosin, detaching myosin from actin binding sites

calcium releases from troponin and re enters sarcoplasmic reticulum

tropomyosin covers actins binding sites

sarcomere returns top reactivity conditions

Question 3

what is whole muscle function?

Answer 3

producing movement
maintaining posture
stabilizing joints
generating body heat

Question 4

muscle physiological properties?

Answer 4

irritability or excitability
contractility
viscosity
extensibility 
elasticity
stiffness
contracture
fatigue
tetany vs tetanus

Question 5

this is the maximum force a muscle or muscle group can exert?

Answer 5

muscle strength

Question 6

what are the determining factors for muscle strength?

Answer 6

genetics
gender
exercise
neural recruitment
lifestyle
muscle fiber type

Question 7

this is the strength applied over a distance for a specific time?

Answer 7

power

P=F x d/T

Question 8

what are the components of power?

Answer 8

strength 
speed
coordination
movement efficiency
timing

Question 9

this is the ability to perform repeated contractions against a less than maximal load

Answer 9

muscle endurance

Question 10

what are the determining factors of muscle endurance?

Answer 10

energy system status

quantity of force resisted

Question 11

what is endurance inversely proportional too?

Answer 11

force intensity

Question 12

sources of muscle fatigue?

Answer 12

neural system
energy system
sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

what is the recovery rate based on?

Answer 13

causes of fatigue

type of exercise

Question 14

when is muscle recovery best?

Answer 14

recover after fatigue

rest between sets depends on rehab goals

Question 15

what are the force production determinants?

Answer 15

joint angle
muscle length
muscle size
fiber arrangement
speed of contraction
numbers and types of fibers

Question 16

low intensity activities recruit what?

Answer 16

smaller motor units

Question 17

smaller motor units are recruited when -earlier or later? resistant to fatigue?

what about type II fibers?

Answer 17

earlier

yes (more slow twitch fibers)

recruited at lower force levels during fast activities for optimal power and strength response

Question 18

what are the types of muscle activity?

Answer 18

static

dynamic

Question 19

maximal isometric force production is what type of muscle activity?

Answer 19

static

Question 20

dynamic muscle activity consists of?

Answer 20

isotonic
-concentric
-eccentric
isokinetic

Question 21

distal segments move freely and independently of more proximal segments

produce high velocity motions

create shear stress in joints

have less joint stability

occur in normal and sports activities

Answer 21

open kinetic chain activities

Question 22

distal segment is weight bearing

produce forceful movement

create less shear stress in joints

more joint stability

normal and sport activites

Answer 22

closed kinetic chain activities

Question 23

gradations of muscle activity?

Answer 23

PROM (patient reported)
AAROM (active assisted)
AROM (active range)
RROM (resistant range)

Question 24

strengthening principles?

Answer 24

timing
specificity
progression 
plan
types of exercises
(variety, activity specific, functional)

Question 25

SNAP principle of strengthening

Answer 25

specific exercises
no pain
attainable goals
progressive overload

Question 26

programs of goal progressions

Answer 26

delorme and Watkins strength progression

Oxford technique of strength progression

DAPRE system of strength progression

Houglum progression

Question 27

name this strength progression:

3 sets
10 reps
progressing intensity starting at 50% of 10 RM

set 1 50%
set 2 75%
set 3 100%

Answer 27

Delorme

Question 28

name this strength progression:

3 sets
10 reps
declining intensity starting at 100% of 10 RM

set 1 100%
set 2 75%
set 3 50%

Answer 28

oxford

Question 29

name this strength progression:

4 sets
variable/adjustable repetitions
progressing intensity starting @ 50% of 10RM

set 1 10 reps 50%
set 2 6 reps 75%
set 3 as many as possible 100%
set 4 as many as possible and adjust from set 3

Answer 29

DAPRE