MUSCLE STRENGTH Flashcards
name this theory:
action potential causes myosin heads to flex and create cross bridges with actin filaments
myosin pulls actin toward sarcomere center
H band becomes smaller
Z disc move toward sarcomere center
changes in sarcomere length
tubule system
Sliding Filament Theory
what’s the action potential sequence?
motor end plate receives signal
release acetylcholine at motor end plate
calcium ions released from sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium ions bind troponin
extended myosin head attach to actins binding sites creating cross bridge between actin and myosin
myosin contact with actin causes hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate, producing energy
ADP releases from myosin heads, creating power stroke
new ATP attaches to myosin, detaching myosin from actin binding sites
calcium releases from troponin and re enters sarcoplasmic reticulum
tropomyosin covers actins binding sites
sarcomere returns top reactivity conditions
what is whole muscle function?
producing movement
maintaining posture
stabilizing joints
generating body heat
muscle physiological properties?
irritability or excitability contractility viscosity extensibility elasticity stiffness contracture fatigue tetany vs tetanus
this is the maximum force a muscle or muscle group can exert?
muscle strength
what are the determining factors for muscle strength?
genetics gender exercise neural recruitment lifestyle muscle fiber type
this is the strength applied over a distance for a specific time?
power
P=F x d/T
what are the components of power?
strength speed coordination movement efficiency timing
this is the ability to perform repeated contractions against a less than maximal load
muscle endurance
what are the determining factors of muscle endurance?
energy system status
quantity of force resisted
what is endurance inversely proportional too?
force intensity
sources of muscle fatigue?
neural system
energy system
sarcoplasmic reticulum
what is the recovery rate based on?
causes of fatigue
type of exercise
when is muscle recovery best?
recover after fatigue
rest between sets depends on rehab goals
what are the force production determinants?
joint angle muscle length muscle size fiber arrangement speed of contraction numbers and types of fibers
low intensity activities recruit what?
smaller motor units
smaller motor units are recruited when -earlier or later? resistant to fatigue?
what about type II fibers?
earlier
yes (more slow twitch fibers)
recruited at lower force levels during fast activities for optimal power and strength response
what are the types of muscle activity?
static
dynamic
maximal isometric force production is what type of muscle activity?
static
dynamic muscle activity consists of?
isotonic
-concentric
-eccentric
isokinetic
distal segments move freely and independently of more proximal segments
produce high velocity motions
create shear stress in joints
have less joint stability
occur in normal and sports activities
open kinetic chain activities
distal segment is weight bearing
produce forceful movement
create less shear stress in joints
more joint stability
normal and sport activites
closed kinetic chain activities
gradations of muscle activity?
PROM (patient reported)
AAROM (active assisted)
AROM (active range)
RROM (resistant range)
strengthening principles?
timing specificity progression plan types of exercises (variety, activity specific, functional)
SNAP principle of strengthening
specific exercises
no pain
attainable goals
progressive overload
programs of goal progressions
delorme and Watkins strength progression
Oxford technique of strength progression
DAPRE system of strength progression
Houglum progression
name this strength progression:
3 sets
10 reps
progressing intensity starting at 50% of 10 RM
set 1 50%
set 2 75%
set 3 100%
Delorme
name this strength progression:
3 sets
10 reps
declining intensity starting at 100% of 10 RM
set 1 100%
set 2 75%
set 3 50%
oxford
name this strength progression:
4 sets
variable/adjustable repetitions
progressing intensity starting @ 50% of 10RM
set 1 10 reps 50%
set 2 6 reps 75%
set 3 as many as possible 100%
set 4 as many as possible and adjust from set 3
DAPRE
