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Medical Terminology and Anatomy > Neurology Terminology List > Flashcards

Neurology Terminology List Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acalculia

A

Inability to calculate

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2
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize common objects despite preserved sensory modalities

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3
Q

Agraphesthesia

A

Tactual inability to recognize writing on the skin

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4
Q

Agraphia

A

Inability to write

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5
Q

AION

A

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

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6
Q

Akathisia

A

Dysphoric state with desire to be in constant motion

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7
Q

Alexia

A

Inability to read

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8
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal pupil size

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9
Q

Anomia

A

Impaired ability to name objects

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10
Q

Anosognosia

A

Inability or refusal to recognize a defect or disorder that is clinically evident

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11
Q

Aphasia

A

Any acquired abnormality of language

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12
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to perform a learned motor task despite preservation of the functions necessary to perform it.

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13
Q

Astereoagnosis

A

Inability to recognize objects by touch despite intact cutaneous and proprioceptive hand sensation

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14
Q

Ataxia

A

Loss of full control of body movement

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15
Q

Aura

A

A perceptual disturbance experienced by some with migraines or seizures before either the headache or seizure begins

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16
Q

AVM

A

Arteriovenous malformation

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17
Q

Ballism

A

Large amplitude flinging or flailing movements of the limb, frequently unilateral (hemiballismus)

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18
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowness of movement

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19
Q

Bradyphrenia

A

Slowness of thoughts

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20
Q

Brudzinski’s Sign

A

Involuntary flexion at the hip when the neck is flexed

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21
Q

Chorea

A

Involuntary, abrupt, irregular movement flowing from one body part to another

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22
Q

Contralateral

A

Occurring on the opposite side

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23
Q

DaTSCAN

A

SPECT imaging for dopamine transporters

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24
Q

DBS

A

Deep brain stimulation

25
Q

Dementia

A

Intellectual and cognitive deterioration severe enough to impair normal functioning

26
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

27
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Abnormality or impairment of voluntary movement

28
Q

Dysmetria

A

A type of ataxia involving lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye

29
Q

Dystonia

A

Sustained muscle contraction leading to repetitive twisting movements such as abnormal postures

30
Q

Dystrophy

A

Wasting away or degeneration of tissues

31
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography; used to record electrical activity of muscles

32
Q

Fasciculation

A

Muscle strength increased with brief intense exercise but fatigue with any sustained activity

33
Q

Fatigability

A

Decreased in ability to respond upon repeated stimulation (particularly in muscles)

34
Q

Graphesthesia

A

Tactual ability to recognize writing on the skin

35
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Also known as hemorrhagic shock, in which more than 20% of the body’s blood or fluid supply is lost

36
Q

Idiopathic

A

A disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown

37
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Occurring on the same side

38
Q

Kernigs Sign

A

Pain upon attempted passive extension at the knee when the hip is flexed

39
Q

Miosis

A

Abnormal constriction of the pupil

40
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Immunologic disorder with antibodies against the nAChR receptors on muscles cause a decreased ability of the muscle to react to nerve signals

41
Q

Mydriasis

A

Abnormal dilation of the pupil

42
Q

Myoclonus

A

Sudden lightning-like movement produced by abrupt and brief muscle contraction

43
Q

Myopathy

A

Disorder of skeletal muscle

44
Q

Myotonia

A

Increased or sustained muscle contraction, or impaired relaxation

45
Q

NCS

A

Nerve conduction study; used to record electrical activity of nerves

46
Q

Neglect

A

Directed inattention or lack of attention paid to one hemispace (typically the left)

47
Q

NMS

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

48
Q

Papilledema

A

Swelling of the optic disk specific to increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

49
Q

Parkinsonian

A

Resembling findings expected in Parkinson’s Disease but not necessarily diagnostic of it

50
Q

Parkinsonism

A

Group of conditions which share clinical features with Parkinson’s Disease have distinct differences in presentation, response to therapy, and pathology

51
Q

PD

A

Parkinson’s Disease

52
Q

Ptosis

A

Upper eyeline drooping partially (or completely) over the eye

53
Q

RAPD

A

Relative afferent pupillary defect

54
Q

SPECT

A

Single-photon emission computed tomography

55
Q

Strabismus

A

Misalignment of the eyes

56
Q

Stereoagnosis

A

Ability to recognize objects by touch

57
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Dyskinesia characterized by movements such as lip smacking, chewing, and tongue rolling that can be caused by neuroleptic usage

58
Q

Tics

A

Abrupt, stereotyped, coordinated movements or vocalizations

59
Q

Tremors

A

Involuntary rhythmic oscillation of a body part.

Medical Terminology and Anatomy (48 decks)

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