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Medical Terminology and Anatomy > Immunology Terminology > Flashcards

Immunology Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adaptive Immune System

A

Immune response specific to antigens that starts around 96 hours after infection

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2
Q

Allergy

A

A chronic condition involving an abnormal reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance called an allergen

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3
Q

Angiodema

A

Swelling confined to the top layer of dermis

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4
Q

Antibodies

A

Aka immunoglobulins; secreted by B-cells & bind to antigens to allow detection by parts of the immune system

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5
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsiveness

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6
Q

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

A

Help present antigens to T-cells in order to activate them.

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7
Q

Antihistamine

A

Type of medication that inhibits histamine response

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8
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Aka B-cells; Generates diverse antibodies

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9
Q

Complement System

A

Enhances antibody & phagocyte response, promotes inflammation, and weakens pathogen membranes

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10
Q

CVID

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

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11
Q

Cytokines

A

Class of chemical messengers that help regulate and recruit the immune system response

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12
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Detects and phagocytizes some infections to present their antigens to T-cells

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13
Q

Granuloma

A

Formed from macrophages surrounding an infection that could not be properly eliminated by the immune system

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14
Q

Helper T-cells (CD4+ cells)

A

Activated when APCs present an antigen, and secrete cytokines to regulate & recruit the immune response

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15
Q

HIES

A

Hyper IgE syndrome

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16
Q

Histamine

A

A chemical substance produced by the body during an allergic reaction

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17
Q

HSCT

A

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant

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18
Q

Idiopathic

A

A disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown

19
Q

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

A

Antibodies produced by the immune system that protect mucosa against pathogens

20
Q

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

A

Antibodies produced by the immune system that are part of B-cell receptors

21
Q

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

A

Antibodies produced by the immune system that play a role in allergic reactions

22
Q

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

A

Most predominant antibodies produced by the immune system that are secreted by B-cells

23
Q

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

A

Initial antibodies produced by the immune system for early stage of immune reaction

24
Q

Innate Immune system

A

Non-specific first line of immune defense, active from 0 to 96 hours from infection

25
Q

IVIG

A

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

26
Q

Killer-T-cells (CD8+ cells)

A

Cytotoxic cells that recognize a specific antigen and destroy any cell presenting it (virus infected cells or tumor cells)

27
Q

LAD

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

28
Q

Macrophages

A

Recruited by T-cells to engulf infections and break them down into presentable antigens

29
Q

Mast cells

A

Release histamine and other cytokines in response to IgE (allergic response) and also promote inflammation and wound healing

30
Q

Mastocytosis

A

Abnormal proliferation of mast cells in a variety of tissues

31
Q

MCAS

A

Mast cell activation syndrome

32
Q

Memory B-cells

A

Differentiates from Naive B-cells to provide long term detection of that antigen

33
Q

Microthrombocytes

A

Abnormally small platelets

34
Q

Naive B cells

A

Non-specific B-cell that can be activated by antigens or T-helper cells

35
Q

Natural killer cell (NK cell)

A

Cytotoxic cell that destroys some virus infected or tumor cells without needing to know a specific antigen.

36
Q

Plasma cell

A

Differentiates from Niave B-cells to secrete antibodies to that antigen

37
Q

SC

A

Subcutaneous

38
Q

SCID

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency

39
Q

SIGAD

A

Specific IgA deficiency

40
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Aka T-cells; Secrete cytokines to activate and recruit an immune response

41
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Widened tiny blood vessels cause threadlike red lines or patterns on the skin

42
Q

WAS

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

43
Q

XLA

A

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Medical Terminology and Anatomy (49 decks)

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