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Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Medication Routes of Administration

A

IV: Intravenous-Either by push, drip, or piggy-back
IVP: Intravenous Push-Dose given at once
IVPB: Intravenous Piggy-Back: dose given in tandem with another solution
Drip: Dose given over a period of time

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2
Q

Charting Medications

A

(Medication Name) (Strength) (Amount) (Route) (Frequency)
Ex.
“Order Amoxicillin 875 bid for 10 days”:
Amoxicillin 875mg 1 tablet PO BID for 10 days
Receives: 20 tablets of Amoxicillin 875mg to take by mouth

“Order Metoprolol 25 every day, 90 with 3 refills”
Metoprolol 25 mg 1 tablet PO QD, #90 with 3 refills
Receives: 90 tablets of Metoprolol 25mg to take by mouth with enough refills for 1 year.

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3
Q

QD

A

Once daily

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4
Q

BID

A

Twice daily

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5
Q

TID

A

Three times daily

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6
Q

QID

A

Four times daily

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7
Q

QOD

A

Every other day

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8
Q

QH

A

Every hour

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9
Q

QHS

A

At bedtime

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10
Q

PRN

A

As needed

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11
Q

Uses for Analgesics

A
  • Postoperative pain
  • Muscle strain
  • Arthritis
  • Headaches
  • Chest pain
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12
Q

Common Analgesics

A
  • Acetaminophen (Tylenol)-Analgesic

- Aspirin-Analgesic, anti-platelet

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13
Q

Common Analgesics-NSAID

A
  • Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)-NSAID
  • Ketorolac (Toradol)-NSAID
  • Naproxen (Naprosyn/Aleve)-NSAID
  • Meloxicam (Mobic)-NSAID
  • Indomethacin (Indocin)-NSAID
  • Celecoxib (Celebrex)-NSAID
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14
Q

Common Analgesics-Narcotic/Opiate

A

1) Hydrocodone-acetaminophen (Vicoden/Norco/Lortab)-Narcotic/Opiate
2) Oxycodone-acetaminophen (Percocet)- Narcotic/Opiate
3) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)-Narcotic/Opiate
4) Morphine-Narcotic/Opiate
5) Fentanyl-Narcotic
6) Ultram (Tramadol)-Narcotic

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15
Q

Interesting Facts for Analgesics

A
  • Narcotic/opiate medications are considered highly addictive and therefore are strictly monitored. These medications cannot be sent to the pharmacy via eRx but need to have a hand signed prescription.
  • -NSAIDS if taken in excess can cause peptic ulcers. Patients who undergo bariatric surgery are strictly forbidden to take NSAIDs after surgery
  • –Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a safe medication to administer to pregnant women however can be fatal in small dosese when mixed with alochol. Do not ever take more than 4g/day as this can lead to liver problems.
  • —Never give ASA to children or teenagers with a fever unless
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16
Q

Common medications for cardiac life support

A

1) Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
2) Norepinephrine (Levophed)
3) Dopamine
4) Atropine
5) Vasopressin
6) Phenylephrine
7) Sodium Bicarbonate
8) Lidocaine (in special cases)

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17
Q

Local Anesthetics

A

Purpose: Operations to numb small area (laceration repairs, incision and drainage)

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18
Q

Common local anesthetics

A

1) Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
2) Lidocaine with epinephrine
3) Marcaine (Bupivacaine/Sensorcaine)
4) Marcaine with epinephrine
5) Tetracaine (Alticaine/Opticaine)-Ophthalmic drops
6) Proparacaine (Alcaine)-Ophthalmic drops

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19
Q

Anti-arrhythmics

A

Uses: Prevent arrhythmia’s such as:

1) V-fib
2) A-fib
3) A-flutter
4) V-Tach
5) SVT

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20
Q

Common medications for Anti-arrhythmics

A

1) Verapamil: Calcium channel blocker
2) Diltiazem (Cardizem): Calcium channel blocker
3) Nifedipine (Procardia): Calcium channel blocker
4) Amiodarone
5) Adenosine (Adenocard)
6) Magnesium Sulfate
7) Digoxin (Lanoxin)

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21
Q

Antibiotics

A

Used to treat bacterial infections, used in some pre/post-operative treatments.

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22
Q

Common antibiotics

A

1) Moxifloxacin (Avelox)-Fluoroquinolone
2) Levofloxacin (Levaquin)-Fluoroquinolone
3) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)- Fluoroquinolone
4) Cefazolin (Ancef)-Cephalosporin
5) Cephalexin (Keflex)-Cephalosporin
6) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)-Cephalosporin
7) Azithromycin (Zithromax/ZPAK)-Macrolide
8) Erythromycin-Macrolide
9) Ampicillin-Sulbactam (Unasyn)-Penicillin
10) Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn)-Penicillin
11) Amoxicillin-Penicillin
12) Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin)-Penicillin

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23
Q

More common antibiotics

A

1) Ertapenem (Invanz)-Carbapenem
2) Metronidazole (Flagyl)-Nitroimidazole
3) Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)-Sulfonamide
4) Clindamycin (Cleocin)-Lincosamide
5) Doxycycline-Tetracycline
6) Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid/Macrodantin)
7) Vancomycin-Glycopeptide
8) Gentamicin (Garamycin)-Glycopeptide
9) Linezolid (Zyvox)-Oxazolidinone

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24
Q

Anti-emetics (anti-nausea)

A

Used to treat motion sickness,

-Side effects of opioid analgesics, general anesthetics and chemotherapy

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25
Common medications for anti-emetics
1) Ondansetron (Zofran) 2) Metoclopramide (Reglan) 3) Promethazine (Phenergan) 4) Inapsine (Droperidol) 5) Trimethobenzamide (Tigan) 6) Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
26
Antihistamines
Treatment of allergic reactions or allergenic symptoms
27
Common antihistamines
1) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 2) Loratadine (Claritin) 3) Cetirizine (Zyrtec) 4) Fexofenadine (Allegra) 5) Ketotifen (Zaditor) 6) Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
28
Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets and Thrombolytics
- DVT - Stroke - MI - PE - May be used in some post-operative treatments
29
Common Thrombolytics
1) tPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator) | 2) Streptokinase
30
Common Antiplatelets
Aspirin (ASA)
31
Common Anticoagulants
1) Enoxaparin (Lovenox) 2) Clopidogrel (Plavix) 3) Apixaban (Eliquis) 4) Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) 5) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) 6) Prasugrel (Effient) 7) Tricagrelor (Brilinta) 8) Edoxaban (Savaysa)
32
Antihypoglycemics
- Diabetes Mellitus - Rapidly increase blood glucose - Some medications may lower blood glucose to a dangerous level if dosage is too high
33
Common Antihypoglycemics
D10 (Dextrose 10) D50 (Dextrose 50) Glucagon
34
Antihyperglycemics/Oral Hypoglycemic (insulin)
- DM | - Reduce blood glucose level
35
Common Antihyperglycemics
1) Insulin (Humalog/Novolog)-Short acting insulin 2) Lantus-Long acting insulin 3) Levemir-Long acting insulin 4) Metformin (Glucophage) 5) Glimeperide (Glucotrol) 6) Sitagliptin (Januvia) 7) Canagiflozin (Invokana)
36
Antipsychotics
Treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, control motor and verbal tics (Ex. Tourette's syndrome)
37
Common Antipsychotics
1) Haloperidol (Haldol) 2) Geodon 3) Seroquel 4) Zyprexa
38
Anxiolytics
Treatment for anxiety and seizure disorders
39
Common Anxiolytics
1) Alprazolam (Xanax): Benzodiazepine 2) Diazepam (Valium): Benzodiazepine 3) Clonazepam (Klonopin)-Benzodiazepine 4) Lorazepam (Ativan)-Benzodiazepine
40
Anticonvulsants
Prevent or reduce severity and frequency of seizures
41
Common Anticonvulsants
1) Lorazepam (Ativan)-Benzodiazepine 2) Midazolam (Versed)-Benzodiazepine 3) Diazepam (Valium)-Benzodiazepine 4) Clonazepam (Klonopin)-Benzodiazepine 5) Topiramate (Topamax) 6) Sumatriptan (Imitrex) 7) Valproic Acid (Depakote)-Valproate 8) Phenobarbital (Barbiturate) 9) Lamotrigine (Lamictal)-Triazine 10) Keppra-Levetiracetam
42
Antihypertensives
Controlling blood pressure
43
Common Antihypertensives
1) Clonidine (Catapres) 2) Atenolol (Tenormin)-Beta blocker 3) Metoprolol (Lopressor/Toprol XL)-Beta blocker 4) Propanolol (Inderal)-Beta blocker 5) Labetalol (Trandate)-Beta-blocker 6) Carvedilol (Coreg)-Beta-blocker 7) Sotalol (Betapace)-Beta-blocker 8) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ/Hydrodiuril)-Thiazide diuretic 9) Spironolactone (Aldactone)-Potassium-sparing diuretic 10) Lisinopril (Prinivil)-ACE inhibitor 11) Enalapril (Vasotec)-ACE inhibitor
44
More Common Antihypertensives
1) Benazepril (Lotensin)-ACE inhibitor 2) Losartan (Cozaar)-ARB 3) Valsartan (DIovan)-ARB 4) Olmesartan (Benicar)-ARB 5) Telmisartan (Micardis)-ARB 6) Doxazosin (Cardura)-Alpha-blocker 7) Prazosin (Minipress)-Alpha-blocker 8) Terazosin (Hytrin)-Alpha-blocker 9) Amlodipine (Norvasc)-Calcium-channel blocker 10) Verapamil (Calan/Covera)-Calcium channel blocker 11) Nifedipine (Procardia)-Calcium-channel blocker 12) Nisoldipine (Sular)-Calcium-channel blocker 13) Furosemide (Lasix)-Loop diuretic 14) Bumetanide (Bumex)-Loop diuretic 15) Hydralazine 16) Aliskiren (Tekturna)-Renin-inhibitor
45
Bronchodilators
Treat respiratory issues, asthma, and COPD
46
Common Bronchodilators
1) Albuterol (Ventolin) 2) Ipratropium (Atrovent) 3) Albuterol-Ipratropium (DuoNeb) 4) Levalbuterol (Xopenex) 5) Theophylline
47
Corticosteroids
Treat inflammation, skin disorders, arthritis, thyroid, intestinal disorders, severe allergies and asthma
48
Common Corticosteroids
1) Prednisolone (Orapred) 2) Prednisone (Deltasone) 3) Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol/Medrol Dosepak) 4) Dexamethasone (Decadron) 5) Flucinonide (Vanos) 6) Betamethasone (Diprolene)
49
Diuretics
Treat hypertension, heart failure, kidney/liver problems, and glaucoma
50
Common Diuretics
1) Furosemide (Lasix)-Loop diuretic 2) Bumetanide (Bumex)-Loop diuretic 3) Spironolactone (Aldactone)-Potassium-sparing diuretic 4) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ/Hydrouridil)-Thiazide diuretic.
51
Gastrointestinal
Treatment of gastrointestinal issues such as GERD, constipation, and diarrhea
52
Common Gastrointestinal Medications
1) Esomeprazole (Nexium)-Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) 2) Omeprazole (Prilosec)-PPI 3) Pantoprazole (Protonix)-PPI 4) Lansoprazole (Prevacid)-PPI 5) Famotidine (Pepcid)-H2 blocker 6) Cimetidine (Tagamet)-H2 blocker 7) Ranitidine (Zantac)-H2 blocker 8) Loperamide (Imodium)-Anti-diarrheal 9) Docusate (Colace)-Stool-softener 10) Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)-Laxative 11) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)-Laxative 12) Magnesium Citrate-Laxative
53
More Common Gastrointestinal Medications
1) Lactulose-Laxative 2) Milk of Magnesia-Laxative 3) Senna-Laxative 4) Glucagon-Smooth muscle relaxant for food bolus 5) Dicyclomine (Bentyl)-Gut antispasmotic 6) Sulcralfate (Carafate)-Ulcer prevention
54
Induction agents
General anesthesia
55
Common Induction agents
1) Midazolam (Versed)-Benzodiazepine 2) Ketamine 3) Diprivan (Propofol) 4) Etomidate (Amidate)
56
Cholesterol and Thyroid Medications
Lower blood cholesterol (-statin)
57
Common Cholesterol and Thyroid Medications
1) Atorvastatin (Lipitor)-Statin 2) Simvastatin (Zocor)-Statin 3) Rosuvastatin (Crestor)-Statin 4) Pravastatin (Pravachol)-Statin 5) Lovastatin (Mevacor)-Statin 6) Niacin (Niaspan) 7) Ezetimibe (Zetia)-Cholesterol reabsorption inhibitor 8) Cholestyramine (Questran/Prevalite)-Bile acid sequestrant 9) Fenofibrate (Fenoglide)-Fibrate 10) Thyroid Dessicated (Armour Thyroid) 11) Levothyroxine (Synthroid) 12) Liothyronine (Cytomel)
58
Muscle Relaxants
Muscle spasms, and chronic pain
59
Common Muscle Relaxants
1) Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) 2) Orphenadrine (Norflex) 3) Diazepam (Valium)-Benzodiazepine
60
Narcotic Antagonists
Treat narcotic overdoses
61
Common Narcotic Antagonists
1) Naloxone/Naltrexone (Narcan) | 2) Methylnaltrexone (Relistor)-GI specific
62
Paralytics
Prevent muscle contraction during operations, and may be used prior to intubation
63
Common Paralytics
1) Succinylcholine ("Sux") 2) Rocuronium ("Rock") 3) Vecuronium 4) Pancuronium
64
Vasodilators
Treat hypertension, angina and heart failure
65
Common vasodilators
1) Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) 2) Hydralazine 3) Cilostazol (Pletal)
66
Sedatives
(Benzos) treat psychological processes
67
Common Sedatives
1) Alprazolam (Xanax)-Benzodiazepine 2) Diazepam (Valium)-Benzodiazepine 3) Midazolam (Versed)-Benzodiazepine 4) Clonazepam (Klonopin)-Benzodiazepine 5) Lorazepam (Ativan)-Benzodiazepine 6) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 7) Zolpidem (Ambien)
68
Anti-vertigo medications
Treat vertigo
69
Common anti-vertigo medications
1) Meclizine (Antivert) 2) Scopolamine (Hyoscine) 3) Diazepam (Valium)
70
Antidpressants
Treat depressive/anxiety disorders
71
Common Antidepressants
1) Sertraline (Zoloft)-SSRI 2) Fluoxetine (Prozac)-SSRI 3) Paroxetine (Paxil)-SSRI 4) Citalopram (Celexa)-SSRI 5) Escitalopram (Lexapro)-SSRI 6) Venlafaxine (Effexor)-SNRI 7) Duloxetine (Cymbalta)-SNRI 8) Bupropion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)-SNRI/Smoking cessation 9) Mirtazapine (Remeron) 10) Amitriptyline (Elavil)-Tricyclic 11) Varenicline (Chantix)-Smoking cessation
72
Parkinson Medications
Help treat symptoms associated with Parkinson's
73
Common Parkinson Medications
1) Levodopa 2) Ropinirole (Requip)-also used for Restless leg 3) Pramipexole (Mirapex)-also used for restless leg
74
Neuralgesics
Treating chronic pain
75
Common Parkinson Medications
1) Pregabalin (Lyrica) 2) Gabapentin (Neurontin) 3) Baclofen (Lioresal) 4) Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Medical Terminology and Anatomy (51 decks)

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