Medications Flashcards
Medication Routes of Administration
IV: Intravenous-Either by push, drip, or piggy-back
IVP: Intravenous Push-Dose given at once
IVPB: Intravenous Piggy-Back: dose given in tandem with another solution
Drip: Dose given over a period of time
Charting Medications
(Medication Name) (Strength) (Amount) (Route) (Frequency)
Ex.
“Order Amoxicillin 875 bid for 10 days”:
Amoxicillin 875mg 1 tablet PO BID for 10 days
Receives: 20 tablets of Amoxicillin 875mg to take by mouth
“Order Metoprolol 25 every day, 90 with 3 refills”
Metoprolol 25 mg 1 tablet PO QD, #90 with 3 refills
Receives: 90 tablets of Metoprolol 25mg to take by mouth with enough refills for 1 year.
QD
Once daily
BID
Twice daily
TID
Three times daily
QID
Four times daily
QOD
Every other day
QH
Every hour
QHS
At bedtime
PRN
As needed
Uses for Analgesics
- Postoperative pain
- Muscle strain
- Arthritis
- Headaches
- Chest pain
Common Analgesics
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol)-Analgesic
- Aspirin-Analgesic, anti-platelet
Common Analgesics-NSAID
- Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)-NSAID
- Ketorolac (Toradol)-NSAID
- Naproxen (Naprosyn/Aleve)-NSAID
- Meloxicam (Mobic)-NSAID
- Indomethacin (Indocin)-NSAID
- Celecoxib (Celebrex)-NSAID
Common Analgesics-Narcotic/Opiate
1) Hydrocodone-acetaminophen (Vicoden/Norco/Lortab)-Narcotic/Opiate
2) Oxycodone-acetaminophen (Percocet)- Narcotic/Opiate
3) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)-Narcotic/Opiate
4) Morphine-Narcotic/Opiate
5) Fentanyl-Narcotic
6) Ultram (Tramadol)-Narcotic
Interesting Facts for Analgesics
- Narcotic/opiate medications are considered highly addictive and therefore are strictly monitored. These medications cannot be sent to the pharmacy via eRx but need to have a hand signed prescription.
- -NSAIDS if taken in excess can cause peptic ulcers. Patients who undergo bariatric surgery are strictly forbidden to take NSAIDs after surgery
- –Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a safe medication to administer to pregnant women however can be fatal in small dosese when mixed with alochol. Do not ever take more than 4g/day as this can lead to liver problems.
- —Never give ASA to children or teenagers with a fever unless
Common medications for cardiac life support
1) Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
2) Norepinephrine (Levophed)
3) Dopamine
4) Atropine
5) Vasopressin
6) Phenylephrine
7) Sodium Bicarbonate
8) Lidocaine (in special cases)
Local Anesthetics
Purpose: Operations to numb small area (laceration repairs, incision and drainage)
Common local anesthetics
1) Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
2) Lidocaine with epinephrine
3) Marcaine (Bupivacaine/Sensorcaine)
4) Marcaine with epinephrine
5) Tetracaine (Alticaine/Opticaine)-Ophthalmic drops
6) Proparacaine (Alcaine)-Ophthalmic drops
Anti-arrhythmics
Uses: Prevent arrhythmia’s such as:
1) V-fib
2) A-fib
3) A-flutter
4) V-Tach
5) SVT
Common medications for Anti-arrhythmics
1) Verapamil: Calcium channel blocker
2) Diltiazem (Cardizem): Calcium channel blocker
3) Nifedipine (Procardia): Calcium channel blocker
4) Amiodarone
5) Adenosine (Adenocard)
6) Magnesium Sulfate
7) Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Antibiotics
Used to treat bacterial infections, used in some pre/post-operative treatments.
Common antibiotics
1) Moxifloxacin (Avelox)-Fluoroquinolone
2) Levofloxacin (Levaquin)-Fluoroquinolone
3) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)- Fluoroquinolone
4) Cefazolin (Ancef)-Cephalosporin
5) Cephalexin (Keflex)-Cephalosporin
6) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)-Cephalosporin
7) Azithromycin (Zithromax/ZPAK)-Macrolide
8) Erythromycin-Macrolide
9) Ampicillin-Sulbactam (Unasyn)-Penicillin
10) Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn)-Penicillin
11) Amoxicillin-Penicillin
12) Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin)-Penicillin
More common antibiotics
1) Ertapenem (Invanz)-Carbapenem
2) Metronidazole (Flagyl)-Nitroimidazole
3) Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)-Sulfonamide
4) Clindamycin (Cleocin)-Lincosamide
5) Doxycycline-Tetracycline
6) Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid/Macrodantin)
7) Vancomycin-Glycopeptide
8) Gentamicin (Garamycin)-Glycopeptide
9) Linezolid (Zyvox)-Oxazolidinone
Anti-emetics (anti-nausea)
Used to treat motion sickness,
-Side effects of opioid analgesics, general anesthetics and chemotherapy
Common medications for anti-emetics
1) Ondansetron (Zofran)
2) Metoclopramide (Reglan)
3) Promethazine (Phenergan)
4) Inapsine (Droperidol)
5) Trimethobenzamide (Tigan)
6) Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Antihistamines
Treatment of allergic reactions or allergenic symptoms
Common antihistamines
1) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
2) Loratadine (Claritin)
3) Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
4) Fexofenadine (Allegra)
5) Ketotifen (Zaditor)
6) Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets and Thrombolytics
- DVT
- Stroke
- MI
- PE
- May be used in some post-operative treatments
Common Thrombolytics
1) tPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)
2) Streptokinase
Common Antiplatelets
Aspirin (ASA)