Medications Flashcards
Medication Routes of Administration
IV: Intravenous-Either by push, drip, or piggy-back
IVP: Intravenous Push-Dose given at once
IVPB: Intravenous Piggy-Back: dose given in tandem with another solution
Drip: Dose given over a period of time
Charting Medications
(Medication Name) (Strength) (Amount) (Route) (Frequency)
Ex.
“Order Amoxicillin 875 bid for 10 days”:
Amoxicillin 875mg 1 tablet PO BID for 10 days
Receives: 20 tablets of Amoxicillin 875mg to take by mouth
“Order Metoprolol 25 every day, 90 with 3 refills”
Metoprolol 25 mg 1 tablet PO QD, #90 with 3 refills
Receives: 90 tablets of Metoprolol 25mg to take by mouth with enough refills for 1 year.
QD
Once daily
BID
Twice daily
TID
Three times daily
QID
Four times daily
QOD
Every other day
QH
Every hour
QHS
At bedtime
PRN
As needed
Uses for Analgesics
- Postoperative pain
- Muscle strain
- Arthritis
- Headaches
- Chest pain
Common Analgesics
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol)-Analgesic
- Aspirin-Analgesic, anti-platelet
Common Analgesics-NSAID
- Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)-NSAID
- Ketorolac (Toradol)-NSAID
- Naproxen (Naprosyn/Aleve)-NSAID
- Meloxicam (Mobic)-NSAID
- Indomethacin (Indocin)-NSAID
- Celecoxib (Celebrex)-NSAID
Common Analgesics-Narcotic/Opiate
1) Hydrocodone-acetaminophen (Vicoden/Norco/Lortab)-Narcotic/Opiate
2) Oxycodone-acetaminophen (Percocet)- Narcotic/Opiate
3) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)-Narcotic/Opiate
4) Morphine-Narcotic/Opiate
5) Fentanyl-Narcotic
6) Ultram (Tramadol)-Narcotic
Interesting Facts for Analgesics
- Narcotic/opiate medications are considered highly addictive and therefore are strictly monitored. These medications cannot be sent to the pharmacy via eRx but need to have a hand signed prescription.
- -NSAIDS if taken in excess can cause peptic ulcers. Patients who undergo bariatric surgery are strictly forbidden to take NSAIDs after surgery
- –Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a safe medication to administer to pregnant women however can be fatal in small dosese when mixed with alochol. Do not ever take more than 4g/day as this can lead to liver problems.
- —Never give ASA to children or teenagers with a fever unless
Common medications for cardiac life support
1) Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
2) Norepinephrine (Levophed)
3) Dopamine
4) Atropine
5) Vasopressin
6) Phenylephrine
7) Sodium Bicarbonate
8) Lidocaine (in special cases)
Local Anesthetics
Purpose: Operations to numb small area (laceration repairs, incision and drainage)
Common local anesthetics
1) Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
2) Lidocaine with epinephrine
3) Marcaine (Bupivacaine/Sensorcaine)
4) Marcaine with epinephrine
5) Tetracaine (Alticaine/Opticaine)-Ophthalmic drops
6) Proparacaine (Alcaine)-Ophthalmic drops
Anti-arrhythmics
Uses: Prevent arrhythmia’s such as:
1) V-fib
2) A-fib
3) A-flutter
4) V-Tach
5) SVT
Common medications for Anti-arrhythmics
1) Verapamil: Calcium channel blocker
2) Diltiazem (Cardizem): Calcium channel blocker
3) Nifedipine (Procardia): Calcium channel blocker
4) Amiodarone
5) Adenosine (Adenocard)
6) Magnesium Sulfate
7) Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Antibiotics
Used to treat bacterial infections, used in some pre/post-operative treatments.
Common antibiotics
1) Moxifloxacin (Avelox)-Fluoroquinolone
2) Levofloxacin (Levaquin)-Fluoroquinolone
3) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)- Fluoroquinolone
4) Cefazolin (Ancef)-Cephalosporin
5) Cephalexin (Keflex)-Cephalosporin
6) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)-Cephalosporin
7) Azithromycin (Zithromax/ZPAK)-Macrolide
8) Erythromycin-Macrolide
9) Ampicillin-Sulbactam (Unasyn)-Penicillin
10) Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn)-Penicillin
11) Amoxicillin-Penicillin
12) Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin)-Penicillin
More common antibiotics
1) Ertapenem (Invanz)-Carbapenem
2) Metronidazole (Flagyl)-Nitroimidazole
3) Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)-Sulfonamide
4) Clindamycin (Cleocin)-Lincosamide
5) Doxycycline-Tetracycline
6) Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid/Macrodantin)
7) Vancomycin-Glycopeptide
8) Gentamicin (Garamycin)-Glycopeptide
9) Linezolid (Zyvox)-Oxazolidinone
Anti-emetics (anti-nausea)
Used to treat motion sickness,
-Side effects of opioid analgesics, general anesthetics and chemotherapy
Common medications for anti-emetics
1) Ondansetron (Zofran)
2) Metoclopramide (Reglan)
3) Promethazine (Phenergan)
4) Inapsine (Droperidol)
5) Trimethobenzamide (Tigan)
6) Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Antihistamines
Treatment of allergic reactions or allergenic symptoms
Common antihistamines
1) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
2) Loratadine (Claritin)
3) Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
4) Fexofenadine (Allegra)
5) Ketotifen (Zaditor)
6) Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets and Thrombolytics
- DVT
- Stroke
- MI
- PE
- May be used in some post-operative treatments
Common Thrombolytics
1) tPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)
2) Streptokinase
Common Antiplatelets
Aspirin (ASA)
Common Anticoagulants
1) Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
2) Clopidogrel (Plavix)
3) Apixaban (Eliquis)
4) Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
5) Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
6) Prasugrel (Effient)
7) Tricagrelor (Brilinta)
8) Edoxaban (Savaysa)
Antihypoglycemics
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Rapidly increase blood glucose
- Some medications may lower blood glucose to a dangerous level if dosage is too high
Common Antihypoglycemics
D10 (Dextrose 10)
D50 (Dextrose 50)
Glucagon
Antihyperglycemics/Oral Hypoglycemic (insulin)
- DM
- Reduce blood glucose level
Common Antihyperglycemics
1) Insulin (Humalog/Novolog)-Short acting insulin
2) Lantus-Long acting insulin
3) Levemir-Long acting insulin
4) Metformin (Glucophage)
5) Glimeperide (Glucotrol)
6) Sitagliptin (Januvia)
7) Canagiflozin (Invokana)
Antipsychotics
Treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, control motor and verbal tics (Ex. Tourette’s syndrome)
Common Antipsychotics
1) Haloperidol (Haldol)
2) Geodon
3) Seroquel
4) Zyprexa
Anxiolytics
Treatment for anxiety and seizure disorders
Common Anxiolytics
1) Alprazolam (Xanax): Benzodiazepine
2) Diazepam (Valium): Benzodiazepine
3) Clonazepam (Klonopin)-Benzodiazepine
4) Lorazepam (Ativan)-Benzodiazepine
Anticonvulsants
Prevent or reduce severity and frequency of seizures
Common Anticonvulsants
1) Lorazepam (Ativan)-Benzodiazepine
2) Midazolam (Versed)-Benzodiazepine
3) Diazepam (Valium)-Benzodiazepine
4) Clonazepam (Klonopin)-Benzodiazepine
5) Topiramate (Topamax)
6) Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
7) Valproic Acid (Depakote)-Valproate
8) Phenobarbital (Barbiturate)
9) Lamotrigine (Lamictal)-Triazine
10) Keppra-Levetiracetam
Antihypertensives
Controlling blood pressure
Common Antihypertensives
1) Clonidine (Catapres)
2) Atenolol (Tenormin)-Beta blocker
3) Metoprolol (Lopressor/Toprol XL)-Beta blocker
4) Propanolol (Inderal)-Beta blocker
5) Labetalol (Trandate)-Beta-blocker
6) Carvedilol (Coreg)-Beta-blocker
7) Sotalol (Betapace)-Beta-blocker
8) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ/Hydrodiuril)-Thiazide diuretic
9) Spironolactone (Aldactone)-Potassium-sparing diuretic
10) Lisinopril (Prinivil)-ACE inhibitor
11) Enalapril (Vasotec)-ACE inhibitor
More Common Antihypertensives
1) Benazepril (Lotensin)-ACE inhibitor
2) Losartan (Cozaar)-ARB
3) Valsartan (DIovan)-ARB
4) Olmesartan (Benicar)-ARB
5) Telmisartan (Micardis)-ARB
6) Doxazosin (Cardura)-Alpha-blocker
7) Prazosin (Minipress)-Alpha-blocker
8) Terazosin (Hytrin)-Alpha-blocker
9) Amlodipine (Norvasc)-Calcium-channel blocker
10) Verapamil (Calan/Covera)-Calcium channel blocker
11) Nifedipine (Procardia)-Calcium-channel blocker
12) Nisoldipine (Sular)-Calcium-channel blocker
13) Furosemide (Lasix)-Loop diuretic
14) Bumetanide (Bumex)-Loop diuretic
15) Hydralazine
16) Aliskiren (Tekturna)-Renin-inhibitor
Bronchodilators
Treat respiratory issues, asthma, and COPD
Common Bronchodilators
1) Albuterol (Ventolin)
2) Ipratropium (Atrovent)
3) Albuterol-Ipratropium (DuoNeb)
4) Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
5) Theophylline
Corticosteroids
Treat inflammation, skin disorders, arthritis, thyroid, intestinal disorders, severe allergies and asthma
Common Corticosteroids
1) Prednisolone (Orapred)
2) Prednisone (Deltasone)
3) Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol/Medrol Dosepak)
4) Dexamethasone (Decadron)
5) Flucinonide (Vanos)
6) Betamethasone (Diprolene)
Diuretics
Treat hypertension, heart failure, kidney/liver problems, and glaucoma
Common Diuretics
1) Furosemide (Lasix)-Loop diuretic
2) Bumetanide (Bumex)-Loop diuretic
3) Spironolactone (Aldactone)-Potassium-sparing diuretic
4) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ/Hydrouridil)-Thiazide diuretic.
Gastrointestinal
Treatment of gastrointestinal issues such as GERD, constipation, and diarrhea
Common Gastrointestinal Medications
1) Esomeprazole (Nexium)-Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)
2) Omeprazole (Prilosec)-PPI
3) Pantoprazole (Protonix)-PPI
4) Lansoprazole (Prevacid)-PPI
5) Famotidine (Pepcid)-H2 blocker
6) Cimetidine (Tagamet)-H2 blocker
7) Ranitidine (Zantac)-H2 blocker
8) Loperamide (Imodium)-Anti-diarrheal
9) Docusate (Colace)-Stool-softener
10) Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)-Laxative
11) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)-Laxative
12) Magnesium Citrate-Laxative
More Common Gastrointestinal Medications
1) Lactulose-Laxative
2) Milk of Magnesia-Laxative
3) Senna-Laxative
4) Glucagon-Smooth muscle relaxant for food bolus
5) Dicyclomine (Bentyl)-Gut antispasmotic
6) Sulcralfate (Carafate)-Ulcer prevention
Induction agents
General anesthesia
Common Induction agents
1) Midazolam (Versed)-Benzodiazepine
2) Ketamine
3) Diprivan (Propofol)
4) Etomidate (Amidate)
Cholesterol and Thyroid Medications
Lower blood cholesterol (-statin)
Common Cholesterol and Thyroid Medications
1) Atorvastatin (Lipitor)-Statin
2) Simvastatin (Zocor)-Statin
3) Rosuvastatin (Crestor)-Statin
4) Pravastatin (Pravachol)-Statin
5) Lovastatin (Mevacor)-Statin
6) Niacin (Niaspan)
7) Ezetimibe (Zetia)-Cholesterol reabsorption inhibitor
8) Cholestyramine (Questran/Prevalite)-Bile acid sequestrant
9) Fenofibrate (Fenoglide)-Fibrate
10) Thyroid Dessicated (Armour Thyroid)
11) Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
12) Liothyronine (Cytomel)
Muscle Relaxants
Muscle spasms, and chronic pain
Common Muscle Relaxants
1) Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
2) Orphenadrine (Norflex)
3) Diazepam (Valium)-Benzodiazepine
Narcotic Antagonists
Treat narcotic overdoses
Common Narcotic Antagonists
1) Naloxone/Naltrexone (Narcan)
2) Methylnaltrexone (Relistor)-GI specific
Paralytics
Prevent muscle contraction during operations, and may be used prior to intubation
Common Paralytics
1) Succinylcholine (“Sux”)
2) Rocuronium (“Rock”)
3) Vecuronium
4) Pancuronium
Vasodilators
Treat hypertension, angina and heart failure
Common vasodilators
1) Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
2) Hydralazine
3) Cilostazol (Pletal)
Sedatives
(Benzos) treat psychological processes
Common Sedatives
1) Alprazolam (Xanax)-Benzodiazepine
2) Diazepam (Valium)-Benzodiazepine
3) Midazolam (Versed)-Benzodiazepine
4) Clonazepam (Klonopin)-Benzodiazepine
5) Lorazepam (Ativan)-Benzodiazepine
6) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
7) Zolpidem (Ambien)
Anti-vertigo medications
Treat vertigo
Common anti-vertigo medications
1) Meclizine (Antivert)
2) Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
3) Diazepam (Valium)
Antidpressants
Treat depressive/anxiety disorders
Common Antidepressants
1) Sertraline (Zoloft)-SSRI
2) Fluoxetine (Prozac)-SSRI
3) Paroxetine (Paxil)-SSRI
4) Citalopram (Celexa)-SSRI
5) Escitalopram (Lexapro)-SSRI
6) Venlafaxine (Effexor)-SNRI
7) Duloxetine (Cymbalta)-SNRI
8) Bupropion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)-SNRI/Smoking cessation
9) Mirtazapine (Remeron)
10) Amitriptyline (Elavil)-Tricyclic
11) Varenicline (Chantix)-Smoking cessation
Parkinson Medications
Help treat symptoms associated with Parkinson’s
Common Parkinson Medications
1) Levodopa
2) Ropinirole (Requip)-also used for Restless leg
3) Pramipexole (Mirapex)-also used for restless leg
Neuralgesics
Treating chronic pain
Common Parkinson Medications
1) Pregabalin (Lyrica)
2) Gabapentin (Neurontin)
3) Baclofen (Lioresal)
4) Amitriptyline (Elavil)
