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Medical Terminology and Anatomy > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Medication Routes of Administration

A

IV: Intravenous-Either by push, drip, or piggy-back
IVP: Intravenous Push-Dose given at once
IVPB: Intravenous Piggy-Back: dose given in tandem with another solution
Drip: Dose given over a period of time

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2
Q

Charting Medications

A

(Medication Name) (Strength) (Amount) (Route) (Frequency)
Ex.
“Order Amoxicillin 875 bid for 10 days”:
Amoxicillin 875mg 1 tablet PO BID for 10 days
Receives: 20 tablets of Amoxicillin 875mg to take by mouth

“Order Metoprolol 25 every day, 90 with 3 refills”
Metoprolol 25 mg 1 tablet PO QD, #90 with 3 refills
Receives: 90 tablets of Metoprolol 25mg to take by mouth with enough refills for 1 year.

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3
Q

QD

A

Once daily

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4
Q

BID

A

Twice daily

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5
Q

TID

A

Three times daily

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6
Q

QID

A

Four times daily

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7
Q

QOD

A

Every other day

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8
Q

QH

A

Every hour

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9
Q

QHS

A

At bedtime

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10
Q

PRN

A

As needed

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11
Q

Uses for Analgesics

A
  • Postoperative pain
  • Muscle strain
  • Arthritis
  • Headaches
  • Chest pain
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12
Q

Common Analgesics

A
  • Acetaminophen (Tylenol)-Analgesic

- Aspirin-Analgesic, anti-platelet

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13
Q

Common Analgesics-NSAID

A
  • Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)-NSAID
  • Ketorolac (Toradol)-NSAID
  • Naproxen (Naprosyn/Aleve)-NSAID
  • Meloxicam (Mobic)-NSAID
  • Indomethacin (Indocin)-NSAID
  • Celecoxib (Celebrex)-NSAID
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14
Q

Common Analgesics-Narcotic/Opiate

A

1) Hydrocodone-acetaminophen (Vicoden/Norco/Lortab)-Narcotic/Opiate
2) Oxycodone-acetaminophen (Percocet)- Narcotic/Opiate
3) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)-Narcotic/Opiate
4) Morphine-Narcotic/Opiate
5) Fentanyl-Narcotic
6) Ultram (Tramadol)-Narcotic

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15
Q

Interesting Facts for Analgesics

A
  • Narcotic/opiate medications are considered highly addictive and therefore are strictly monitored. These medications cannot be sent to the pharmacy via eRx but need to have a hand signed prescription.
  • -NSAIDS if taken in excess can cause peptic ulcers. Patients who undergo bariatric surgery are strictly forbidden to take NSAIDs after surgery
  • –Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a safe medication to administer to pregnant women however can be fatal in small dosese when mixed with alochol. Do not ever take more than 4g/day as this can lead to liver problems.
  • —Never give ASA to children or teenagers with a fever unless
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16
Q

Common medications for cardiac life support

A

1) Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
2) Norepinephrine (Levophed)
3) Dopamine
4) Atropine
5) Vasopressin
6) Phenylephrine
7) Sodium Bicarbonate
8) Lidocaine (in special cases)

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17
Q

Local Anesthetics

A

Purpose: Operations to numb small area (laceration repairs, incision and drainage)

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18
Q

Common local anesthetics

A

1) Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
2) Lidocaine with epinephrine
3) Marcaine (Bupivacaine/Sensorcaine)
4) Marcaine with epinephrine
5) Tetracaine (Alticaine/Opticaine)-Ophthalmic drops
6) Proparacaine (Alcaine)-Ophthalmic drops

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19
Q

Anti-arrhythmics

A

Uses: Prevent arrhythmia’s such as:

1) V-fib
2) A-fib
3) A-flutter
4) V-Tach
5) SVT

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20
Q

Common medications for Anti-arrhythmics

A

1) Verapamil: Calcium channel blocker
2) Diltiazem (Cardizem): Calcium channel blocker
3) Nifedipine (Procardia): Calcium channel blocker
4) Amiodarone
5) Adenosine (Adenocard)
6) Magnesium Sulfate
7) Digoxin (Lanoxin)

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21
Q

Antibiotics

A

Used to treat bacterial infections, used in some pre/post-operative treatments.

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22
Q

Common antibiotics

A

1) Moxifloxacin (Avelox)-Fluoroquinolone
2) Levofloxacin (Levaquin)-Fluoroquinolone
3) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)- Fluoroquinolone
4) Cefazolin (Ancef)-Cephalosporin
5) Cephalexin (Keflex)-Cephalosporin
6) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)-Cephalosporin
7) Azithromycin (Zithromax/ZPAK)-Macrolide
8) Erythromycin-Macrolide
9) Ampicillin-Sulbactam (Unasyn)-Penicillin
10) Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn)-Penicillin
11) Amoxicillin-Penicillin
12) Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin)-Penicillin

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23
Q

More common antibiotics

A

1) Ertapenem (Invanz)-Carbapenem
2) Metronidazole (Flagyl)-Nitroimidazole
3) Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)-Sulfonamide
4) Clindamycin (Cleocin)-Lincosamide
5) Doxycycline-Tetracycline
6) Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid/Macrodantin)
7) Vancomycin-Glycopeptide
8) Gentamicin (Garamycin)-Glycopeptide
9) Linezolid (Zyvox)-Oxazolidinone

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24
Q

Anti-emetics (anti-nausea)

A

Used to treat motion sickness,

-Side effects of opioid analgesics, general anesthetics and chemotherapy

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25
Q

Common medications for anti-emetics

A

1) Ondansetron (Zofran)
2) Metoclopramide (Reglan)
3) Promethazine (Phenergan)
4) Inapsine (Droperidol)
5) Trimethobenzamide (Tigan)
6) Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

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26
Q

Antihistamines

A

Treatment of allergic reactions or allergenic symptoms

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27
Q

Common antihistamines

A

1) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
2) Loratadine (Claritin)
3) Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
4) Fexofenadine (Allegra)
5) Ketotifen (Zaditor)
6) Hydroxyzine (Atarax)

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28
Q

Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets and Thrombolytics

A
  • DVT
  • Stroke
  • MI
  • PE
  • May be used in some post-operative treatments
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29
Q

Common Thrombolytics

A

1) tPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)

2) Streptokinase

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30
Q

Common Antiplatelets

A

Aspirin (ASA)

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31
Q

Common Anticoagulants

A

1) Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
2) Clopidogrel (Plavix)
3) Apixaban (Eliquis)
4) Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
5) Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
6) Prasugrel (Effient)
7) Tricagrelor (Brilinta)
8) Edoxaban (Savaysa)

32
Q

Antihypoglycemics

A
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Rapidly increase blood glucose
  • Some medications may lower blood glucose to a dangerous level if dosage is too high
33
Q

Common Antihypoglycemics

A

D10 (Dextrose 10)
D50 (Dextrose 50)
Glucagon

34
Q

Antihyperglycemics/Oral Hypoglycemic (insulin)

A
  • DM

- Reduce blood glucose level

35
Q

Common Antihyperglycemics

A

1) Insulin (Humalog/Novolog)-Short acting insulin
2) Lantus-Long acting insulin
3) Levemir-Long acting insulin
4) Metformin (Glucophage)
5) Glimeperide (Glucotrol)
6) Sitagliptin (Januvia)
7) Canagiflozin (Invokana)

36
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, control motor and verbal tics (Ex. Tourette’s syndrome)

37
Q

Common Antipsychotics

A

1) Haloperidol (Haldol)
2) Geodon
3) Seroquel
4) Zyprexa

38
Q

Anxiolytics

A

Treatment for anxiety and seizure disorders

39
Q

Common Anxiolytics

A

1) Alprazolam (Xanax): Benzodiazepine
2) Diazepam (Valium): Benzodiazepine
3) Clonazepam (Klonopin)-Benzodiazepine
4) Lorazepam (Ativan)-Benzodiazepine

40
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Prevent or reduce severity and frequency of seizures

41
Q

Common Anticonvulsants

A

1) Lorazepam (Ativan)-Benzodiazepine
2) Midazolam (Versed)-Benzodiazepine
3) Diazepam (Valium)-Benzodiazepine
4) Clonazepam (Klonopin)-Benzodiazepine
5) Topiramate (Topamax)
6) Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
7) Valproic Acid (Depakote)-Valproate
8) Phenobarbital (Barbiturate)
9) Lamotrigine (Lamictal)-Triazine
10) Keppra-Levetiracetam

42
Q

Antihypertensives

A

Controlling blood pressure

43
Q

Common Antihypertensives

A

1) Clonidine (Catapres)
2) Atenolol (Tenormin)-Beta blocker
3) Metoprolol (Lopressor/Toprol XL)-Beta blocker
4) Propanolol (Inderal)-Beta blocker
5) Labetalol (Trandate)-Beta-blocker
6) Carvedilol (Coreg)-Beta-blocker
7) Sotalol (Betapace)-Beta-blocker
8) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ/Hydrodiuril)-Thiazide diuretic
9) Spironolactone (Aldactone)-Potassium-sparing diuretic
10) Lisinopril (Prinivil)-ACE inhibitor
11) Enalapril (Vasotec)-ACE inhibitor

44
Q

More Common Antihypertensives

A

1) Benazepril (Lotensin)-ACE inhibitor
2) Losartan (Cozaar)-ARB
3) Valsartan (DIovan)-ARB
4) Olmesartan (Benicar)-ARB
5) Telmisartan (Micardis)-ARB
6) Doxazosin (Cardura)-Alpha-blocker
7) Prazosin (Minipress)-Alpha-blocker
8) Terazosin (Hytrin)-Alpha-blocker
9) Amlodipine (Norvasc)-Calcium-channel blocker
10) Verapamil (Calan/Covera)-Calcium channel blocker
11) Nifedipine (Procardia)-Calcium-channel blocker
12) Nisoldipine (Sular)-Calcium-channel blocker
13) Furosemide (Lasix)-Loop diuretic
14) Bumetanide (Bumex)-Loop diuretic
15) Hydralazine
16) Aliskiren (Tekturna)-Renin-inhibitor

45
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Treat respiratory issues, asthma, and COPD

46
Q

Common Bronchodilators

A

1) Albuterol (Ventolin)
2) Ipratropium (Atrovent)
3) Albuterol-Ipratropium (DuoNeb)
4) Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
5) Theophylline

47
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Treat inflammation, skin disorders, arthritis, thyroid, intestinal disorders, severe allergies and asthma

48
Q

Common Corticosteroids

A

1) Prednisolone (Orapred)
2) Prednisone (Deltasone)
3) Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol/Medrol Dosepak)
4) Dexamethasone (Decadron)
5) Flucinonide (Vanos)
6) Betamethasone (Diprolene)

49
Q

Diuretics

A

Treat hypertension, heart failure, kidney/liver problems, and glaucoma

50
Q

Common Diuretics

A

1) Furosemide (Lasix)-Loop diuretic
2) Bumetanide (Bumex)-Loop diuretic
3) Spironolactone (Aldactone)-Potassium-sparing diuretic
4) Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ/Hydrouridil)-Thiazide diuretic.

51
Q

Gastrointestinal

A

Treatment of gastrointestinal issues such as GERD, constipation, and diarrhea

52
Q

Common Gastrointestinal Medications

A

1) Esomeprazole (Nexium)-Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)
2) Omeprazole (Prilosec)-PPI
3) Pantoprazole (Protonix)-PPI
4) Lansoprazole (Prevacid)-PPI
5) Famotidine (Pepcid)-H2 blocker
6) Cimetidine (Tagamet)-H2 blocker
7) Ranitidine (Zantac)-H2 blocker
8) Loperamide (Imodium)-Anti-diarrheal
9) Docusate (Colace)-Stool-softener
10) Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)-Laxative
11) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)-Laxative
12) Magnesium Citrate-Laxative

53
Q

More Common Gastrointestinal Medications

A

1) Lactulose-Laxative
2) Milk of Magnesia-Laxative
3) Senna-Laxative
4) Glucagon-Smooth muscle relaxant for food bolus
5) Dicyclomine (Bentyl)-Gut antispasmotic
6) Sulcralfate (Carafate)-Ulcer prevention

54
Q

Induction agents

A

General anesthesia

55
Q

Common Induction agents

A

1) Midazolam (Versed)-Benzodiazepine
2) Ketamine
3) Diprivan (Propofol)
4) Etomidate (Amidate)

56
Q

Cholesterol and Thyroid Medications

A

Lower blood cholesterol (-statin)

57
Q

Common Cholesterol and Thyroid Medications

A

1) Atorvastatin (Lipitor)-Statin
2) Simvastatin (Zocor)-Statin
3) Rosuvastatin (Crestor)-Statin
4) Pravastatin (Pravachol)-Statin
5) Lovastatin (Mevacor)-Statin
6) Niacin (Niaspan)
7) Ezetimibe (Zetia)-Cholesterol reabsorption inhibitor
8) Cholestyramine (Questran/Prevalite)-Bile acid sequestrant
9) Fenofibrate (Fenoglide)-Fibrate
10) Thyroid Dessicated (Armour Thyroid)
11) Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
12) Liothyronine (Cytomel)

58
Q

Muscle Relaxants

A

Muscle spasms, and chronic pain

59
Q

Common Muscle Relaxants

A

1) Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
2) Orphenadrine (Norflex)
3) Diazepam (Valium)-Benzodiazepine

60
Q

Narcotic Antagonists

A

Treat narcotic overdoses

61
Q

Common Narcotic Antagonists

A

1) Naloxone/Naltrexone (Narcan)

2) Methylnaltrexone (Relistor)-GI specific

62
Q

Paralytics

A

Prevent muscle contraction during operations, and may be used prior to intubation

63
Q

Common Paralytics

A

1) Succinylcholine (“Sux”)
2) Rocuronium (“Rock”)
3) Vecuronium
4) Pancuronium

64
Q

Vasodilators

A

Treat hypertension, angina and heart failure

65
Q

Common vasodilators

A

1) Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
2) Hydralazine
3) Cilostazol (Pletal)

66
Q

Sedatives

A

(Benzos) treat psychological processes

67
Q

Common Sedatives

A

1) Alprazolam (Xanax)-Benzodiazepine
2) Diazepam (Valium)-Benzodiazepine
3) Midazolam (Versed)-Benzodiazepine
4) Clonazepam (Klonopin)-Benzodiazepine
5) Lorazepam (Ativan)-Benzodiazepine
6) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
7) Zolpidem (Ambien)

68
Q

Anti-vertigo medications

A

Treat vertigo

69
Q

Common anti-vertigo medications

A

1) Meclizine (Antivert)
2) Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
3) Diazepam (Valium)

70
Q

Antidpressants

A

Treat depressive/anxiety disorders

71
Q

Common Antidepressants

A

1) Sertraline (Zoloft)-SSRI
2) Fluoxetine (Prozac)-SSRI
3) Paroxetine (Paxil)-SSRI
4) Citalopram (Celexa)-SSRI
5) Escitalopram (Lexapro)-SSRI
6) Venlafaxine (Effexor)-SNRI
7) Duloxetine (Cymbalta)-SNRI
8) Bupropion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)-SNRI/Smoking cessation
9) Mirtazapine (Remeron)
10) Amitriptyline (Elavil)-Tricyclic
11) Varenicline (Chantix)-Smoking cessation

72
Q

Parkinson Medications

A

Help treat symptoms associated with Parkinson’s

73
Q

Common Parkinson Medications

A

1) Levodopa
2) Ropinirole (Requip)-also used for Restless leg
3) Pramipexole (Mirapex)-also used for restless leg

74
Q

Neuralgesics

A

Treating chronic pain

75
Q

Common Parkinson Medications

A

1) Pregabalin (Lyrica)
2) Gabapentin (Neurontin)
3) Baclofen (Lioresal)
4) Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Medical Terminology and Anatomy (49 decks)

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