Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam 2 (PARP) > Neurocytology > Flashcards

Neurocytology Flashcards

1
Q

Which two nerve terminal proteins work together to make sure the vesicle gets to the right spot?

A

Syntaxin and Synaptobrevin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

. Major area of reception of incoming information.

A

Dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Changes in morphology of neurons can lead to ____________

A

Plasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the roles of microglia?

A

Mediate response to injury by proliferating, migrating to site of injury, and removing debris by phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Synaptic vesicles are found only in _________cells and in some __________ cells

A

nerve; endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the supporting cells and where are they located?

A

Astrocytes (CNS)

Satellite cells (PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Synaptic Vesicle Cycle

A
  1. Priming
  2. Fusion exocytosis
  3. Endocytosis
  4. Translocation
  5. Endosome fusion
  6. Budding
  7. Loading
  8. Translocation
  9. Docking

Cycle repeats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are ependyma?

A

Cells lining blood vessels in endothelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which nerve terminal protein makes sure the presynaptic and post-synaptic neurons are aligned?

A

Neurexins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the steps to Synaptic Transmission?

A
  1. Vesicles “dock” at the active zone
  2. Action potential leads to an influx of calcium
  3. Rise of Ca triggers vesicle fusion and release or transmitter
  4. Transmitter diffuses across cleft and binds to receptors
  5. Membrane retrieved by coated vesicles for reuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the functions of astrocytes?

A

Interface between neurons and pia, ependyma, blood vessels

Provide structural support

Take up neurotransmitters

Regulate ionic balance

Guide axons during development

Immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Wave of depolarization jumps from node to node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Astrocyte and Ependyma structure

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes differ in how they myelinate axons?

A

Schwanns cells mylenate one specific axon, while oligodendrocytes can myelinate more than one axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The autonomic system and inverterbrates have what neuronal type?

A

Unipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

. Specialized for carrying information away from cell body to other parts of the circuit

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the neuron doctrine state?

A

that the nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Multiple sclerosis involves repeated episodes of __________of nervous tissue in any area of the ________.The inflammation destroys ___________, leaving multiple areas of __________along the covering of the nerve cells. This results in slowing or blocking the transmission of _______________in that area, leading to the symptoms of MS.

A

inflammation; CNS; myelin; scar tissue (sclerosis); nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Broad types of macroglia

A

Myelin-forming cells

Supporting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Microglia are derived from _________ and incorporated into ________ during development.

A

Monocytes; CNS

21
Q

What does the reticular doctrine state?

A

that everything in the nervous system, such as brain, is a single continuous network

22
Q

Astrocytes during early development

A

Radial glia

23
Q

Nissl bodies are ________ and __________

A

rER and free ribosomes

24
Q

What are the myelin-forming cells and where are they located?

A

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Schwann cells (PNS)

25
Q

Most neurons have what neuronal type?

A

Multipolar

26
Q

Retina and olfactory epithelium have what neuronal type?

A

Bipolar

27
Q

The dorsal root ganglion has what neuronal type?

A

Pseudo-unipolar

28
Q

What is the role of the dendritic spine?

A

Site of synapse formation

29
Q

Mechanism for endocrine cell-cell signaling

A

signals target distant cells. Endocrine cells produce hormones that travel through the blood to reach all parts of the body.

30
Q

___________ are sequences of ionic currents across a membrane.

A

Nerve impulses

31
Q

Formation of Synaptic Vessels (Steps)

A
  1. Delivery of Synaptic vesicle components to the plasma membrane
  2. Endocytosis of synaptic vescicle components to form new synaptic vesicles directly
  3. Endocytosis of synaptic vesicle components and delivery to endosome
  4. Budding of synaptic vesicle from endosome
  5. Loading of neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicle
  6. Secretion of neurotransmitter by exocytosis in response to an action potential
32
Q

Which nerve terminal protein is a calcium-sensitive regulatory protein?

A

Synaptotagmin

33
Q

In which type of junction can communication occur in both directions?

A

Gap junctions

34
Q

Ependymal Cells

______ or _______ epithelial cells lining ventricles of _________.

Remnants of _____________

________ and _________ on luminal surface helps move __________.

A

Cuboidal; columnar; CNS

embryonic neuroepithelium

Microvilli; cilia; CSF

35
Q

______________is an accessory protein that binds to syntaxin

A

SNAP-25

36
Q

Tetanus toxin inhibits the release of ______ neurotransmitters and can lead to ________

A

inhibitory; muscle spasm

37
Q

Axoplasmic membranes at each node of Ranvier posseses high concentrations of voltage-gated ______ channels.

A

Sodium

38
Q

Mechanism for paracrine cell-cell signaling

A

signals target cells in the vicinity of the emitting cell. Neurotransmitters represent an example.

39
Q

What stage of the the synaptic cycle declares docked vesicles fusion-competent?

A

Priming

40
Q

Where can synpases be formed on a cell?

A

Almost anywhere

41
Q

The degradation of which nerve terminal protein can cause tetanus?

A

Synaptobrevin

42
Q

Mechanism for neuronal cell-cell signaling

A

Synapse forms between one cell and a target cell

43
Q

Which nerve terminal protein acts as a T-snare?

A

Syntaxin

44
Q

Gap in myelin known as the _________

A

Node of Ranvier

45
Q

What protein works with neurexins and where is it located?

A

Neuroligins on the postsynaptic side

46
Q

Which type of glia is phagocytic?

A

Microglia

47
Q

Which nerve terminal protein acts as the v-snare?

A

Synaptobrevin

48
Q

Region of integration of incoming information and metabolic center of the cell

A

Cell body

Exam 2 (PARP) (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions