Cell Death Flashcards
The adaptor protein is activated by _________
Cytochrome c
Which part of the caspase is cleaved to activate it?
The pro domain
Important BH3 only protein
Bid
How does apoptosis function to play a role in diseases?
Loss of proper connections
Loss of proper growth factors
Damage (Oxidative)
Activation of __________ triggers apoptosis.
Caspases
Blebbing is seen in ___________
Apoptosis
What are annexins?
Cellular proteins which bind to calcium and phospholipids
___________ can be used to label apoptotic cells.
Annexin V
Tunel stain stains _____ groups that shouldn’t be exposed.
Thymidine
Apoptosis inducing factor normally functions as _________.
In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondria and induces_____________
Triggers ________ and __________
NADP AND NADPH Oxidase
Nuclear shrinking
Chromatin condensation and nuclear shrinking
Activated caspases cleave 2 ____________ enzymes, ____________procedes undisturbed
DNA repair; DNA fragmentation
Which protein inactivates Bcl-2?
BH3
Which proteins form a channel that allows for the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria?
Bax/Bak
Cells with DNA damage are monitored by the protein,__________, which triggers either ______ or ___________.
p53; DNA repair; apoptosis
Annexin V binds specifically to ________
PS
What is the role of Bcl2?
To prevent apoptosis
What caspase cleaves bid?
Both Caspases 8 and 3
What is an apotosome?
A cluster of cytochrome c within adaptor proteins. It receives procaspase 9.
Initiator procaspases are activated by ____________proteins that bring the procaspases together in close proximity within an activation complex
adaptor
Which caspase is the executioner?
Caspase 3
How does the recruitment process work?
- The trimerized intracellular cell death domain recruits FADD adaptor
- The FADD adapter recruits procaspase 8 via its caspase recruitment domain (CARD)
What components make up the Death-Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC)
Fas Receptor
Procaspase 8
Fas-Associated Protein with Death Domain
How does procaspase 8 become active?
It cleaves itself
Caspase 3 activates a __________ that will go and cut up the DNA
nuclease
What are the pathways for extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis?
Extrinsic
Fas binds its receptor> Caspase 8> Caspase 3> Other Caspases> Death substrate> Death
Intrinsic
Bid cleaved> Cytochrome c released from mitochondria> Caspase 9>Caspase 3
Which protein factors are included in the Bax/Bak structure?
BH3, BH1, BH2
What stain detects nicks in apoptosis?
TUNEL
The mitochondria can release the ___________ that induce apoptosis on its own without the help of caspases.
Apoptosis inducing factor
Apoptosis plays a role in which diseases
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Huntington’s disease
Which caspase is the initiator?
Caspase 8
