Cell Death

Question 1

The adaptor protein is activated by _________

Answer 1

Cytochrome c

Question 2

Which part of the caspase is cleaved to activate it?

Answer 2

The pro domain

Question 3

Important BH3 only protein

Answer 3

Bid

Question 4

How does apoptosis function to play a role in diseases?

Answer 4

Loss of proper connections

Loss of proper growth factors

Damage (Oxidative)

Question 5

Activation of __________ triggers apoptosis.

Answer 5

Caspases

Question 6

Blebbing is seen in ___________

Answer 6

Apoptosis

Question 7

What are annexins?

Answer 7

Cellular proteins which bind to calcium and phospholipids

Question 8

___________ can be used to label apoptotic cells.

Answer 8

Annexin V

Question 9

Tunel stain stains _____ groups that shouldn’t be exposed.

Answer 9

Thymidine

Question 10

Apoptosis inducing factor normally functions as _________.

In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondria and induces_____________

Triggers ________ and __________

Answer 10

NADP AND NADPH Oxidase

Nuclear shrinking

Chromatin condensation and nuclear shrinking

Question 11

Activated caspases cleave 2 ____________ enzymes, ____________procedes undisturbed

Answer 11

DNA repair; DNA fragmentation

Question 12

Which protein inactivates Bcl-2?

Answer 12

BH3

Question 13

Which proteins form a channel that allows for the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria?

Answer 13

Bax/Bak

Question 14

Cells with DNA damage are monitored by the protein,__________, which triggers either ______ or ___________.

Answer 14

p53; DNA repair; apoptosis

Question 15

Annexin V binds specifically to ________

Answer 15

PS

Question 16

What is the role of Bcl2?

Answer 16

To prevent apoptosis

Question 17

What caspase cleaves bid?

Answer 17

Both Caspases 8 and 3

Question 18

What is an apotosome?

Answer 18

A cluster of cytochrome c within adaptor proteins. It receives procaspase 9.

Question 19

Initiator procaspases are activated by ____________proteins that bring the procaspases together in close proximity within an activation complex

Answer 19

adaptor

Question 20

Which caspase is the executioner?

Answer 20

Caspase 3

Question 21

How does the recruitment process work?

Answer 21

1. The trimerized intracellular cell death domain recruits FADD adaptor
2. The FADD adapter recruits procaspase 8 via its caspase recruitment domain (CARD)

Question 22

What components make up the Death-Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC)

Answer 22

Fas Receptor

Procaspase 8

Fas-Associated Protein with Death Domain

Question 23

How does procaspase 8 become active?

Answer 23

It cleaves itself

Question 24

Caspase 3 activates a __________ that will go and cut up the DNA

Answer 24

nuclease

Question 25

What are the pathways for extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis?

Answer 25

Extrinsic

Fas binds its receptor> Caspase 8> Caspase 3> Other Caspases> Death substrate> Death

Intrinsic

Bid cleaved> Cytochrome c released from mitochondria> Caspase 9>Caspase 3

Question 26

Which protein factors are included in the Bax/Bak structure?

Answer 26

BH3, BH1, BH2

Question 27

What stain detects nicks in apoptosis?

Answer 27

TUNEL

Question 28

The mitochondria can release the ___________ that induce apoptosis on its own without the help of caspases.

Answer 28

Apoptosis inducing factor

Question 29

Apoptosis plays a role in which diseases

Answer 29

Parkinson’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease

Huntington’s disease

Question 30

Which caspase is the initiator?

Answer 30

Caspase 8