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Exam 2 (PARP) > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

_________ maintain cell-shape by bearing tension, while ________ resist compression.

A

Intermediate filaments; microtubules

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2
Q

The cytoskeleton is composed of _______ filaments

A

Protein

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3
Q

Structure made up of microfilaments

A

Double helix

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4
Q

How do intermediate filaments organize the tridimensional structure of the cell?

A

By anchoring organelles and serving as structural components of the nuclear lamina and sacromeres

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5
Q

Kinesiology moves to the _____ end.

A

Plus

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6
Q

________ for neurotransmitters localize to cilia

A

Receptors

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7
Q

_____ epithelium contains microtubules

A

Ciliated

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8
Q

Each doublet is connected by _____ and stabilized by _______

A

Nexin; dynein

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9
Q

Tau is abnormal in __________

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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10
Q

Intermediate filaments that form a network surrounding the nucleus are called the __________

A

Nuclear lamina

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11
Q

Nine microtubule doublets, with two microtubules in the center

A

Axoneme

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12
Q

Are microtubules or actin molecules more rigid?

A

Microtubules

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13
Q

Does actin contract?

A

No

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14
Q

Microtubules play a key role in:

A

Intracellular Transport

The axoneme of cilia and flagella

The mitosis spindle

Synthesis of the cell wall in plants

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15
Q

Most abundant protein in most eukaryotic cells

A

Actin filaments

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16
Q

Intermediate filaments help to resist _______ and increase cellular ________

A

Stress; cellular stability

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17
Q

What organelle travels on microtubules?

A

Mitichondria

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18
Q

Cilia is prevent in which system?

A

Respiratory

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19
Q

How many protofilaments make up a microtubule?

A

13

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20
Q

Subunit examples of microfilaments.

A

Actin

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21
Q

Type of Rho family GTP- binding protein that control of lampelipodia.

A

Rac

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22
Q

Microtubules work separately to provide tracks on which organelles can travel from the center of the cell _____.

A

Outward

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23
Q

Which end is more stable the plus or minus end?

A

minus

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24
Q

Colchicine is used as a treatment for _____.

A

Gout

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25
Q

The plus end of tubulin subunits is on the _____.

A

Peripheral

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26
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome is due to ________

A

Abnormal ciliary dyenin

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27
Q

Actin filaments act as tracks for the movement of ________ molecules that attach to the microfilament and “walk” along them.

A

myosin

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28
Q

. G- actin uncleared into __________

A

Filamentous actin

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29
Q

The minus end of tubulin subunits is on the ______.

30
Q

Which cells have connections with other cells?

A

Epithelial cells

31
Q

What role does lamin play in the cell?

A

Governs shape of nucleus and interconnects nuclear pores

32
Q

Molecules that bind to microtubules

A

Colchicine

Tau

Motor proteins

33
Q

Which is more stable intermediate filaments or actin filaments?

A

Intermediate filaments

34
Q

Type of Rho family GTP- binding protein that control the acto-myosin filaments

35
Q

2 centrioles make a __________

A

centrosome

36
Q

Dynein moves to the _____ end

37
Q

Role of intermediate filaments

A

Maintain cell shape

Organize the internal tridimensional structure of the cell by anchoring organelles and serving as structural components of the nuclear lamina and sarcomeres

Participating in cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions

38
Q

Subunit examples of Intermediate filaments

A
  1. Vimentin (mesenchyme)
  2. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (glial cells)
  3. Neurofilament proteins (neuronal processes)
  4. Keratins (epithelial cells)
  5. Nuclear lamins
39
Q

Dynein and mines in are ______ proteins.

40
Q

Actin thin filaments that can be readily disassembled or assembled.

41
Q

_______ is a structural element of microvilli.

42
Q

Which two components of the cell interior provide the cell with structure?

A

Cytosol and cytoskeleton

43
Q

Actin structures are controlled by the _______ family of small ______- binding proteins

44
Q

Actin in microvilli

A

Myosin I

Calmodulin

Villin

Fimbrin

F-actin

45
Q

Double stranded, thin, and flexible structures made of actin

A

Actin filaments

46
Q

What molecule depresses microtubule assembly? By what mechanism?

A

Colchicine; Colchicine is taken up neutrophils, which causes neutrophils become suppressed and they aren’t able to travel to the site of inflammation to cause an inflammatory response.

47
Q

_______ neurons commonly have a single cilium

48
Q

Also called stress fibers

A

Acto-myosin filaments

49
Q

Elements of the cytoskeleton. How many different types of each? What is the diameter for each?

A
  1. Microfilaments- 6; 6
  2. Microtubules- 12;23
  3. Intermediate filaments- 31; 10
50
Q

Disruption of the sensory functions of cilia is found in a genetic disorder ________

A

Bardet- Biedi syndrome

51
Q

Primary (sensory) cilia are found in which cells

A

Neurons

Chondrocytes

Kidney epithelium

52
Q

Subunit examples of microtubules

A

Alpha and Beta tubulin

53
Q

Microtubules bind ______ for polymerization.

54
Q

The cell interior is composed of which three components?

A
  1. Cytoskeleton
  2. Cytosol
  3. Organelles
55
Q

Type of Rho family GTP- binding protein that control of filopodia

56
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome symptoms

A

Respiratory system abnormalities

Situs Inversus

Thoracic and abdominal organs are on the wrong side of the body

57
Q

Most actin molecules work together to give support and structure to the __________ and are found near the _________

A

Plasma membrane; cell membrane

58
Q

Each doublet is connected to another by the protein ______.

59
Q

Actin filaments generate force by ______ at one end of the filament coupled with ________ at the other, causing movement of the intervening strand.

A

elongation; shrinkage

60
Q

Alpha and beta tubulin are monomers of _______.

A

Protofilaments

61
Q

Different types of intermediate filaments. Where is each type located?

A

Keratins (in epithelial cells)

Desmin (in muscle cells)

Vimentin (in connective tissue cells)

Neurofilaments (in nerve cells)

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (astrocytes)

LAMINS (in all cell types)

62
Q

Long, hollow cylindrical structures composed of tubulin and organized around a centrosome

A

Microtubules

63
Q

Intermediate filaments extend through the ________

64
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place?

A

The cytosol

65
Q

Structure made up of microtubules

A

Protofilaments

66
Q

Structure made of intermediate filaments

A
  1. Two anti-parallel helices (dimers)
  2. Forming tetramers
67
Q

Centrioles are made up of _____ triplets

68
Q

Where is the centrosome usually found?

A

In the center of the cell, near the nucleus

69
Q

Cytosol often comprises more than ______% of a cell’s volume

70
Q

The _______ is the main component of the cytoplasm

71
Q

Going through a process of continuous growth and decay, microtubules are relatively _______.

Exam 2 (PARP) (17 decks)

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