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Exam 2 (PARP) > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

_________ maintain cell-shape by bearing tension, while ________ resist compression.

A

Intermediate filaments; microtubules

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2
Q

The cytoskeleton is composed of _______ filaments

A

Protein

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3
Q

Structure made up of microfilaments

A

Double helix

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4
Q

How do intermediate filaments organize the tridimensional structure of the cell?

A

By anchoring organelles and serving as structural components of the nuclear lamina and sacromeres

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5
Q

Kinesiology moves to the _____ end.

A

Plus

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6
Q

________ for neurotransmitters localize to cilia

A

Receptors

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7
Q

_____ epithelium contains microtubules

A

Ciliated

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8
Q

Each doublet is connected by _____ and stabilized by _______

A

Nexin; dynein

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9
Q

Tau is abnormal in __________

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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10
Q

Intermediate filaments that form a network surrounding the nucleus are called the __________

A

Nuclear lamina

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11
Q

Nine microtubule doublets, with two microtubules in the center

A

Axoneme

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12
Q

Are microtubules or actin molecules more rigid?

A

Microtubules

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13
Q

Does actin contract?

A

No

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14
Q

Microtubules play a key role in:

A

Intracellular Transport

The axoneme of cilia and flagella

The mitosis spindle

Synthesis of the cell wall in plants

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15
Q

Most abundant protein in most eukaryotic cells

A

Actin filaments

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16
Q

Intermediate filaments help to resist _______ and increase cellular ________

A

Stress; cellular stability

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17
Q

What organelle travels on microtubules?

A

Mitichondria

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18
Q

Cilia is prevent in which system?

A

Respiratory

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19
Q

How many protofilaments make up a microtubule?

A

13

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20
Q

Subunit examples of microfilaments.

A

Actin

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21
Q

Type of Rho family GTP- binding protein that control of lampelipodia.

A

Rac

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22
Q

Microtubules work separately to provide tracks on which organelles can travel from the center of the cell _____.

A

Outward

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23
Q

Which end is more stable the plus or minus end?

A

minus

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24
Q

Colchicine is used as a treatment for _____.

A

Gout

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25
The plus end of tubulin subunits is on the \_\_\_\_\_.
Peripheral
26
Kartagener’s syndrome is due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Abnormal ciliary dyenin
27
Actin filaments act as tracks for the movement of ________ molecules that attach to the microfilament and “walk” along them.
myosin
28
. G- actin uncleared into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Filamentous actin
29
The minus end of tubulin subunits is on the \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Inside
30
Which cells have connections with other cells?
Epithelial cells
31
What role does lamin play in the cell?
Governs shape of nucleus and interconnects nuclear pores
32
Molecules that bind to microtubules
Colchicine Tau Motor proteins
33
Which is more stable intermediate filaments or actin filaments?
Intermediate filaments
34
Type of Rho family GTP- binding protein that control the acto-myosin filaments
Rho
35
2 centrioles make a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
centrosome
36
Dynein moves to the _____ end
Minus
37
Role of intermediate filaments
Maintain cell shape Organize the internal tridimensional structure of the cell by anchoring organelles and serving as structural components of the nuclear lamina and sarcomeres Participating in cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions
38
Subunit examples of Intermediate filaments
1. Vimentin (mesenchyme) 2. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (glial cells) 3. Neurofilament proteins (neuronal processes) 4. Keratins (epithelial cells) 5. Nuclear lamins
39
Dynein and mines in are ______ proteins.
motor
40
Actin thin filaments that can be readily disassembled or assembled.
Labile
41
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a structural element of microvilli.
Actin
42
Which two components of the cell interior provide the cell with structure?
Cytosol and cytoskeleton
43
Actin structures are controlled by the _______ family of small \_\_\_\_\_\_- binding proteins
Rho; GTP
44
Actin in microvilli
Myosin I Calmodulin Villin Fimbrin F-actin
45
Double stranded, thin, and flexible structures made of actin
Actin filaments
46
What molecule depresses microtubule assembly? By what mechanism?
Colchicine; Colchicine is taken up neutrophils, which causes neutrophils become suppressed and they aren’t able to travel to the site of inflammation to cause an inflammatory response.
47
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ neurons commonly have a single cilium
CNS
48
Also called stress fibers
Acto-myosin filaments
49
Elements of the cytoskeleton. How many different types of each? What is the diameter for each?
1. Microfilaments- 6; 6 2. Microtubules- 12;23 3. Intermediate filaments- 31; 10
50
Disruption of the sensory functions of cilia is found in a genetic disorder \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Bardet- Biedi syndrome
51
Primary (sensory) cilia are found in which cells
Neurons Chondrocytes Kidney epithelium
52
Subunit examples of microtubules
Alpha and Beta tubulin
53
Microtubules bind ______ for polymerization.
GTP
54
The cell interior is composed of which three components?
1. Cytoskeleton 2. Cytosol 3. Organelles
55
Type of Rho family GTP- binding protein that control of filopodia
Cdc42
56
Kartagener’s syndrome symptoms
Respiratory system abnormalities Situs Inversus Thoracic and abdominal organs are on the wrong side of the body
57
Most actin molecules work together to give support and structure to the __________ and are found near the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Plasma membrane; cell membrane
58
Each doublet is connected to another by the protein \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Dyenin
59
Actin filaments generate force by ______ at one end of the filament coupled with ________ at the other, causing movement of the intervening strand.
elongation; shrinkage
60
Alpha and beta tubulin are monomers of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Protofilaments
61
Different types of intermediate filaments. Where is each type located?
Keratins (in epithelial cells) Desmin (in muscle cells) Vimentin (in connective tissue cells) Neurofilaments (in nerve cells) Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (astrocytes) LAMINS (in all cell types)
62
Long, hollow cylindrical structures composed of tubulin and organized around a centrosome
Microtubules
63
Intermediate filaments extend through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Cytosol
64
Where does protein synthesis take place?
The cytosol
65
Structure made up of microtubules
Protofilaments
66
Structure made of intermediate filaments
1. Two anti-parallel helices (dimers) 2. Forming tetramers
67
Centrioles are made up of _____ triplets
9
68
Where is the centrosome usually found?
In the center of the cell, near the nucleus
69
Cytosol often comprises more than \_\_\_\_\_\_% of a cell’s volume
50
70
The _______ is the main component of the cytoplasm
Cytosol
71
Going through a process of continuous growth and decay, microtubules are relatively \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
unstable

Exam 2 (PARP) (17 decks)

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