Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Exam 2 (PARP) > Membrane Structure and Function > Flashcards

Membrane Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Which two toxins recognize and bind to specific glycolipids on intestinal epithelial cells?

A

HIV and Cholera toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do the acetylcholine receptors work?

A
  1. The ion channel is blocked
  2. The two acetylcholine bind to receptors
  3. Channels open
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Membranes flow between organelles with addition, modification or removal of components causing_________.

A

Consecutive membranes to differ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of single pass membranes

A

Notch and its ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Single pass transmembrane proteins function

A

Receptors

Cell recognition

Cell attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of large multipass transmembrane receptors

A

Acetylcholine receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do membranes grow?

A

Membranes grow through enlargement of preexistent membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cholesterol _______ the membrane permeability to small molecules.

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of membranes

A

protect the cell from its surroundings

controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The two sides of membranes are called ______.

A

Leaflets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are proteins that are covalently bound to lipids found?

A

Always C side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The E leaflet consists mainly of _______ and ______.

A

Phoshatidyl choline (PC) and spingomyelin (SM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is glycocalyx?

A

The CHO layer on the outer surface of the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Src is a ___________

A

Tyrosine kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The presences of PS on the E leaflet triggers _______ of these aged cells by macrophages.

A

Phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two shapes that lipid rafts can take on.

A

Flat or form pockets (caveolae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are peripheral membrane proteins bound to the membrane?

A

Ionically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does alkaline phosphatase do?

A

Increases the local concentration of free phosphate from calcium phosphate in bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Macromolecules incorporated in membranes. Which organelles incorporate these organelles?

A

Lipid:cytosine

Proteins: ER

Carbohydrates: Golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Glycocalyx functions

A

Cell recognition

Enzymatic activity

Contains receptors for antibodies, hormones, bacteria, and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of membrane proteins and glycoproteins

A

Signaling

Transport across the membrane

Cell adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ALL glycolipids are found in which leaflet?

A

E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lipid rafts have a selective affinity for which proteins?

A

Ras and Src proteins and GPI anchored proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are apical proteins? What is their function?

A

At the apex

25
Can cholesterol move between leaflets?
Yes; even in the absence of scramblases
26
Where are GPI anchored proteins located?
E side
27
Membranes consist of a _____ head and ______ tail.
Hydrophilic; hydrophobic
28
Function of proteins covalently bound to lipids
Receptor-related signaling
29
Dystrophin is defective in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
30
Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins- Location
Receptors Enzymes
31
Membrane proteins involved in _______ into the cell concentrate in lipid rafts.
Signal transduction
32
Where can alkaline phosphatase be found?
In osteoblasts membranes
33
Mixtures of ____ and ______ spontaneously form a bilateral membrane in an aqueous solution.
Phospholipids; glycolipids
34
\_\_\_\_\_\_ and _______ lipid-linked signaling proteins that stimulate cell proliferation
Src; Ras
35
Ras is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
GTP-binding protein
36
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are microdomains within the plasma membrane enriched (2X) in cholesterol and spingolipids.
Lipid rafts
37
What enzyme causes membranes to lose asymmetry as they age?
Scramblase enzymes
38
Hydrophilic components of membranes
Sugar and phosphate
39
The C leaflet consists mainly of _______ and \_\_\_\_\_.
Phoshatidyl serine (PS); phoshatidyl ethanolamine (PE)
40
Large multipass transmembrane proteins functions
Receptors Transport proteins
41
What role does scramblase play?
Flips lipids from one side to the other
42
Function of glycolipids and glycoproteins
Protects proteins from proteolysis Cell adhesion Cell recognition
43
Function of proteins bound to the membrane by ionic bonds
Bind other structures to the cell membrane
44
Are plasma membranes homogeneous?
No
45
Example of a GPI-linked protein
Alkaline phosphatase
46
In cellular membranes, the bilateral is \_\_\_\_\_
Asymmetric
47
Where a proteins that are ionically bound to the membrane located?
On both C and E sides
48
What are the two sides of all membranes?
Cytoplasmic Exoplasmic
49
Example of cells, whose membranes lose asymmetry as they age.
Red blood cells
50
Example of glycolipids that function in cell recognition
ABO blood groups
51
What gives membranes their characteristics?
The composition
52
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ anchors actin filaments in skeletal muscle cells to a complex of proteins in the muscle cell membrane.
Dystrophin
53
Where is Notch located?
Cell 1
54
Where is Notch’s ligand located?
Cell 2
55
Can glycolipids and phospholipids move between leaflets?
Yes but only when scramblases are present
56
Steps of tyrosine kinase signaling?
1. Ligands (Epidermal growth factor) binds to the receptors 2. The receptors form diners 3. The dimers cross- phosphorylation their cytoplasmic tails 4. Tyrosine kinase domains activated 5. Other proteins phosphorylation 6. Cell proliferation stimulated
57
G protein coupled receptor is what type of protein?
Large multipass transmembrane
58
Acetylcholine receptors can be found in the membranes of what type of muscle cells?
Skeletal

Exam 2 (PARP) (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions