Neuroanatomy: Anatomical Divisions of the Nervous System Flashcards
What are the components of the Prosencephalon: Forebrain
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
What are the components of the Telencephalon:
Cerebrum (cerebral cortex)
Hippocampus
Basal Ganglia
Amygdala
What are the components of the Diencephalon:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
What are the components of the Midbrain: Mesencephalon
Tectum
Tegmentum
What are the components of the Tectum
Superior and inferior Colliculi
What are the components of the Tegmentum
Cerebral Aqueduct
Periaqueductal Gray
Reticular Formation
Substantia Nigra
Red Nucleus
What are the components of the Hindbrain: Rhombencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
What are the components of the Metencephalon
Cerebellum
Pons
What are the components of the myelencephalon
medulla oblongata
What are the components of the Brainstem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
What are the components of the Gray Matter?
Unmyelinated Neurons
Contains:
- glial cells
- Cell bodies
- Dendrites
What are the components of the White Matter?
Myelinated Neurons
Contains nerve fibers without dendrites
What are the divisions of spinal nerves at each vertebral level?
8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal
What information do efferent fibers carry from the CNS?
Motor Information
What information do afferent fibers carry to the CNS?
Sensory Information
What is the sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Prepares the body for an emergency response; Fight or Flight
What is the parasympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Used for conserving bodies energy
Rest and Digest
What type of neurotransmitters are used by the parasympathetic Division of the ANS?
Acetylcholine
What type of neurotransmitters are used by the sympathetic Division of the ANS?
Norepinephrine
Characteristics of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Contains the CNS and PNS
innervates involuntary:
- processes
- glands
- internal organs
- smooth muscles
- stress responses and homeostasis
Characteristics of the Somatic Nervous System
Motor nerve fibers
- motor nerve fibers send information to the skeletal muscles
- all nerve fibers are myelinated
- controls voluntary movements
- all five senses are influenced by the SNS
The outer layer of embryonic tissue is termed:
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
entoderm
Embryonic tissue differentiates into three distinct layers. From the outer to inner layer, embryonic tissue is termed: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. Entoderm is a synonymous term for endoderm.
Ectoderm
