Blood Supply to the Brain Flashcards
Brains blood supply components
Two Internal Carotid Arteries
Two Vertebral Arteries
Form the three major branches:
- Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Middle Cerebral Artery
- Posterior Cerebral Artery
All components of the circle of Willis.
What portion of the brain does the ACA Supply?
Anterior Frontal Lobe
Medial Surface of the Frontal Lobes and the Parietal Lobes
What are possible deficits caused by ACA involvement?
Contralateral LE motor and sensory involvement
- Loss of bowel and bladder control
- Loss of behavioral inhibition
- Mental Changes
- Neglect
- Aphasia (Broca’s)
- Apraxia and Agraphia
- Preservation
- Akinetic Mutism (significant bilateral involvement)
What portions of the brain does the MCA Supply?
Outer Cerebrum
- Basal Ganglia; Putamen, Globus Pallidus
- Posterior and Anterior Internal Capsule
- Lentiform Nucleus
What are possible deficits caused by MCA involvement?
Most common site for a CVA
Contralateral weakness and sensory loss to the face and UE
- (Wernicke’s Aphasia) in the dominant hemisphere
- Homonymous Hemianopsia; is a visual field defect involving either the two right or the two left halves of the visual fields of both eyes.
- Apraxia
- Right hemisphere damage: Flat Affect
- impaired spatial regulation
- Anosognosia in the [non-dominant hemisphere]; Anosognosia, also called “lack of insight,” is a symptom of severe mental illness experienced by some that impairs a person’s ability to understand and perceive his or her illness.; Neglect
- impaired body schema
What portions of the brain does the PCA Supply?
Portions of the midbrain (mesencephalon)
Subthalamic Nucleus
Basal Nucleus
Thalamus
Inferior Temporal Lobe
Occipital and occipitoparietal cortices
What are possible deficits caused by PCA involvement?
Contralateral pain and temperature loss
Contralateral hemiplegia
- Ataxia, athetosis or choreiform movements
- Movement quality impairments
- Thalamic Pain Syndrome
- Anomia; the inability to retrieve words an individual wants to say
- Prosopagnosia; Facial Blindness
- Visual Agnosia
- Homonymous Hemianopsia
- Memory Impairment
- Alexia and Dyslexia
- Cortical Blindness from bilateral involvement
What portions of the brain does the Vertebral-Basilar Artery supply?
Lateral aspects of the pons and the midbrain
Superior Surface of the cerebellum.
What branches supply the Cerebellum
Branches from the basilar artery:
- Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
- Superior Cerebellar Artery
What branches supply the Medulla
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (PICA)
and
small branches from the vertebral arteries
What branches supply the Pons
Branches of the basilar artery
What branches supply the Midbrain and Thalamus
Posterior Cerebral Arteries
What branches supply the Occipital Cortex
Posterior Cerebral Arteries
Basilar Artery
What are deficits caused by involvement to the Vertebral-Basilar Artery?
- Loss of Consciousness: LOC
- Hemiplegia or tetraplegia
- Comatose or Vegetive States
- Inability to Speak
- Locked in Syndrome
- Vertigo and Nystagmus
- Dysphagia
- Dysarthria
- Syncope
- Ataxia
Bilateral occlusion of the ACA Deficits
- Paraplegia; paralysis of the legs and lower body
- incontinence
- Abulic Aphasia; [Definition: also known as apathy, psychic akinesia, and athymia, refers to a lack of will, drive, or initiative for action, speech and thought]
- Frontal lobe symptoms: personality changes, potential Akinetic Mutism
[Definition: Akinetic mutism (AM) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by the presence of an intact level of consciousness and sensorimotor capacity, but with a simultaneous decrease in goal-directed behavior and emotions. Patients are in a wakeful state of profound apathy, seemingly indifferent to pain, thirst, or hunger.]
