Motor Control: Key Terminology

Question 1

Closed System Model

Answer 1

The transfer of information that incorportates [multiple feedback loops] and {larger distribution of control}

• Nervous system is [active participant] rather than solely reacting to stimuli.

{does not rely on reacting to an “open-system”; environment/stimuli, but relies on information from multiple feedback loops within the body- a closed system}

Question 2

Compensation

Answer 2

Ability to utilize alternate motor and sensory strategies dut to an impairment that limits the normal completion of a task.

{utilizing others strategies: motor/sensory in order to achieve the same goal due to an impairment that is normally used to achieve that goal}

Question 3

Habituation

Answer 3

The decrease in response that will occur as a result of consistent exposure to non-noxious stimuli

{sensation of clothing on our skin is decreased because it is non-noxious}

Question 4

Learning

Answer 4

The process of acquiring knowledge.

Question 5

Non-associative learning

Answer 5

A single repeated stimulus (habituation, sensitization)

Question 6

Associative Learning

Answer 6

Gaining the understanding of the relationship between two stimuli.

Can be either:
- Casual relationships
- cause and effect (operant conditioning, classical conditioning)

Question 7

Procedural Learning

Answer 7

Learning tasks that can be performed without attention or concentration.

• task is learned by forming movement habits. (habit can be formed via repetitive practice)

automatic - carrying out something

Question 8

Declarative Learning

Answer 8

Knowledge that is conciously recalled (mental practice)

• recalling knowledge

Question 9

Motor Learning

Answer 9

The acquisition of, or modification of movement

(Learning movement)

Question 10

Motor Program

Answer 10

Concept of a central motor pattern that can be activated by sensory stimuli or central processes

Question 11

Open-System Model

Answer 11

Characterized by the [single] transfer of information [without] any feedback loop.

• [Reflexive Hierarchal Theory]
• The nervous system is awaiting a stimuli in order to react

{based on a chain reaction of reflexes}

Question 12

Performance

Answer 12

[Temporary change] in motor behavior seen during a particular session of practice that is a {result of many variables}

[Performance IS NOT an absolute measure of learning] - since there are {many variables} that affect performance

PERFORMANCE [IS NOT] LEARNING

Question 13

Plasticity

Answer 13

The ability to {modify or change at the synapse level}

• either temporarily or permanently in order to perform a particular function.

Question 14

Postural Control

Answer 14

The ability of the motor and sensory system to stabilize position and control movement

Question 15

Recovery

Answer 15

The ability to use previous strategies to return to the same level of functioning

• ability to return to baseline

Question 16

Sensitization

Answer 16

The increase in response that will occur as a result of noxious stimulus

• making someone more sensitive to a noxious stimuli

{hypersensitivity}

• opposite of habituation*
• heightened response to a noxious stimuli

Question 17

Strategy

Answer 17

Plan used to produce a specific result or outcome that will influence the structure or system

Strategy = Plan to execute a movement