BRAIN Flashcards
What are the components of the telencephalon?
Cerebrum (Cerebral cortex) > divided into L&R hemispheres
Hippocampus
Basal Ganglia
Amygdala
What structure connects the bottom of the two cerebral hemispheres and is used to relay information from one side of the brain to the other?
Corpus Callosum
What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
Medial Longitudinal Fissure
What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
Sylvian Fissure (Lateral)
Which sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes laterally?
Central Sulcus (Sulcus of Rolando)
Which sulcus separates the parietal and occipital medially?
Parieto-occipital Sulcus
What fissure separates the occipital lobe into superior and inferior halves
Calcarine fissure
Function of the Frontal Lobe
- Voluntary Movements (primary motor cortex/precentral gyrus), intellect and orientation
- Broca’s Area (typically L hemisphere): speech, concentration
- Personality, temper, judgement, reasoning, behavior, self-awareness, executive functions
Impairments to the frontal lobe
- Contralateral weakness
- preservation, inattention
- personality changes and antisocial behavior
- impaired concentration
- Broca’s Aphasia (expressive deficits)
- Delayed or poor initiation
Functions of the Parietal Lobe
- Associated sensations of touch, kinesthesia, perception of vibration, and temperature
- Receives information from other areas of the brain regarding hearing, vision, motor, sensory and memory
- Provides meaning for objects
- Interprets language and words
- Spatial and visual perception
Impairments to the parietal lobe
Dominant hemisphere (typically located in the L hemisphere: agraphia, alexia, agnosia
- Non-dominant hemisphere: (typically located on the R side: dressing apraxia, constructional apraxia, anosognosia
- Contralateral Sensory deficits
- Impaired language comprehension
impaired taste
Functions of the temporal lobe
primary auditory processing and olfaction
- Wernicke’s Area: (typically located on the L hemisphere): ability to understand and produce meaningful speech, verbal and general memory, assists with understanding language
- the rear portion of the temporal lobe allows humans to interpret others emotions and reactions
impairments to the temporal lobe
- learning deficits
Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive deficits) - antisocial, aggressive behaviors
- difficulty with facial recognition
difficulty with memory/memory loss - inability to categorize objects
Functions of the occipital lobe
- main processing center for visual information
- processes visual information regarding colors, light and shapes
- judgements of distance, seeing in 3D
Impairments to the occipital lobe
- homonymous hemianopsia
- impaired extraocular muscle movement and visual deficits
- impaired color recognition
- reading and writing impairments
- cortical blindness with bilateral lobe involvement
What is the function of the Hippocampus
- responsible for the process of [forming and storing new memories of one’s personal history and other declarative memory]
- language learning
- known as the memory indexer, sends memories to appropriate areas of the cerebral hemisphere for long term storage and memory retrieval.
What is the function of the Basal Ganglia
Includes the: Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Substantia Nigra, and subthalamic nucleus
Responsible for:
- voluntary movements
- autonomic movement regulation
- posture
- muscle tone and control of motor responses
Common dysfunctions to the basal ganglia:
- Parkinson Disease
- Huntington
- Tourette’s Syndrome
- ADD
- OCD
What is the function of the Amygdala?
Located within the temporal lobes of the brain.
Function: Emotional and Social Processing
Involved in fear and pleasure responses, arousal, processing of memory and the formation of [EMOTIONAL] memories.
The putamen and globus pallidus together make up which nucleus in the basal ganglia?
subthalamic nucleus
red nucleus
lentiform nucleus
substantia nigra
Correct Answer: lentiform nucleus
The lentiform nucleus is a cone shaped structure of gray matter lateral to the internal capsule. The structure consists of the putamen and globus pallidus.
