Neuro 3 Drugs Flashcards
typical antipsychotics - MOA
D2 blockade
typical antipsychotics - drugs in class
- haloperidol
- chlorpromazine (a phenothiazine)
typical antipsychotics - ADEs
- extrapyramidal sx
- tardive dyskinesia
- neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- hyperprolactinemia
- alpha-1-blockade
- QTc prolongation
treatment for extrapyramidal sx
anticholinergic drug
treatment for tardive dyskinesia
VMAT inhibitor
treatment for neuroleptic malignant sydrome
dantrolene
atypical antipsychotics - MOA
5-HT blockade
atypical antipsychotics - drugs in class
- clozapine
- risperidone
- olanzapine
- quetiapine
- ziprasidone
- aripiprazole
- paliperidone
atypical antipsychotics - ADEs
*metabolic effects (weight gain, DM, dyslipidemia)
*anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention)
clozapine - ADEs
agranulocytosis & myocarditis (requires special permission to prescribe)
clozapine - drug class, MOA, and uses
*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)
risperidone - drug class, MOA, and uses
*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)
olanzapine - drug class, MOA, and uses
*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)
quetiapine - drug class, MOA, and uses
*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)
ziprasidone - drug class, MOA, and uses
*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)
aripiprazole - drug class, MOA, and uses
*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)
palperidone - drug class, MOA, and uses
*atypical antipsychotic
*5-HT blockade
*used for schizophrenia (sometimes bipolar or major depression)
MOA for a drug used to treat schizophrenia
5-HT blockade (atypical antipsychotic)
benzodiazepines - MOA
*bind allosterically to the GABA-A receptor, facilitating the binding of GABA to the receptor; increase the FREQUENCY of the channel being open
benzos - drugs in class
- alprazolam
- diazepam
- lorazepam
- clonazepam
- midazolam
benzos - ADEs
*sedation
*anterograde amnesia
*dependence
benzos - uses
sedation, sleep, conscious sedation, anesthesia adjuvant, anxiety, muscle relaxation, tx of seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anterograde amnesia
alprazolam - drug class, MOA, and uses
*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct
diazepam - drug class, MOA, and uses
*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct
lorazepam - drug class, MOA, and uses
*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct
clonazepam - drug class, MOA, and uses
*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct
midazolam - drug class, MOA, and uses
*benzo
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sedation, anxiety, sleep, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, anesthesia adjunct
zolipdem - drug class, MOA, and uses
*z-drug
*bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA
*used for sleep
GABA-A receptor - MOA
opens to allow Cl- to flow intracellularly, causing hyperpolarization (the inhibitory effect)
MOA of drugs used for sedation, sleep, acute anxiety, or alcohol withdrawal
bind allosterically to GABA-A receptor to facilitate GABA binding
flumazenil
*MOA – reversible benzo-receptor antagonist (reverses the effects of benzos on z-drugs)
*Uses – tx overdose; reverse benzo used in surgery or procedure
*ADEs – agitation, confusion, dizziness
barbiturates - MOA
bind allosterically to the GABA-A receptor, facilitating the binding of GABA to the receptor; increase the duration of the channel being open
barbiturates - things to think of
*sedation
*seizures (peds)
*enzyme-induction
*GABA
SSRIs - MOA
block SERT (serotonin transporter) to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and increase the amount of 5-HT in the synapse
SSRIs - drugs in class
- sertraline
- citalopram
- escitalopram
- fluoxetine
- paroxetine
SSRIs - ADEs
*sexual dysfunction
*drowsiness/insomnia
*weight gain
*serotonin syndrome
SSRIs - uses
*depression
*anxiety disorders
*OCD
*PTSD
*bulimia
sertraline - drug class, MOA, and uses
*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia
citalopram - drug class, MOA, and uses
*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia
escitalopram - drug class, MOA, and uses
*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia
fluoxetine - drug class, MOA, and uses
*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia
paroxetine - drug class, MOA, and uses
*SSRI
*inhibit 5-HT reuptake (SERT)
*used for depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and bulimia
SNRIs - overview
*drugs in class: duloxetine & venlafaxine
*MOA - inhibit 5-HT and NE reuptake (SERT & NET)
*uses: depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, neuropathy
*ADEs - SSRI ADEs + hypertension & tachycardia
amitriptyline - overview
*tricyclic antidepressant
*MOA - inhibit 5-HT and NE reuptake (SERT & NET)
*used for resistant depression and other things
*lots of ADEs
trazodone
*antidepressant “serotonin modulator”
*ADE = priapism
bupropion
*antidepressant
*MOA = inhibits NET and DAT (no effect on 5-HT)
*used for depression/smoking cessation
*little sexual dysfunction
*lowers seizure threshold
cocaine - MOA
*blocks reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin
*inhibits voltage-gated Na+ channels and cardiac K+ channels
cocaine - effects
*Increased HR & BP
*Increased arousal and alertness
*Elevation of mood, increased confidence, euphoria
*Decreased appetite and sleep requirements
*Increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage, ischemia stroke, MI, and seizures
amphetamines - MOA
**interferes with VMAT, causing release of MORE DA in synapse
*block reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin
amphetamines - effects
*Increased wakefulness and alertness
*Decreased fatigue
*Euphoria
*Excitement
*Decreased appetite
amphetamines - uses
*ADHD
*narcolepsy
*binge eating disorder
MOA of drug used to treat ADHD
**interferes with VMAT, causing release of MORE DA in synapse
*block reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin
methylphenidate - overview
*MOA - blocks reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin
*uses - ADHD
caffeine - MOA
blocks adenosine receptor and inhibits phosphodiesterases
opioids - MOA
mu-receptor agonists
MOA of drugs used to treat pain
mu-receptor agonists (opioids)
opioids - effects
*Analgesia
*Euphoria
*Sedation
*Respiratory depression
*Miosis (pinprick pupils)
*Cough suppression
*Constipation
mixed opioid agonists
- nalbuphine
- butorphanol
buprenorphine
*mixed opioid partial agonist/antagonist
opioid antagonists
*block mu-receptor
1. naloxone
2. naltrexone
ADEs of drug used for bipolar
lithium ADEs:
*tremor
*low thyroid
*Ebstein’s anomaly (in fetus)
methadone
*opioid
*used for opioid maintenance/withdrawal
