Mycoplasma/Chlamydia Flashcards
mycoplasma, ureaplasma, and chlamydia sp - overview
*smallest free-living bacteria
*NO CELL WALL (resistant to antibiotics that target the cell wall)
*cell membrane contains STEROLS
*coccobacilli
mycoplasma pneumoniae - morphology
*EXTRACELLULAR pathogen
mycoplasma pneumoniae - virulence factor
*P1 adhesin!
*causes ciliostasis, causing persistent cough
*functions as a SUPERANTIGEN
*also can change surface lipoproteins to evade host defense
mycoplasma pneumoniae - clinical presentation
*occurs in 6-8 year cycles
*pathogenic upon colonization (not part of normal flora)
*causes walking (atypical) pneumonia
*initial fever with prolonged coughing
*complications include MYRINGITIS (blisters on tympanic membrane), encephalitis, hemolytic anemia
genital mycoplasmas
*include M. hominis, M. genitalium, and ureaplasma species
*colonization increases as sexual activity increases
*M. genitalium can cause nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease
mycoplasma diagnosis
*NAAT (of urine - for genital strains)
*respiratory PCR panel (for M. pneumoniae)
mycoplasma treatment
macrolides, tetracycline, or fluoroquinolone
*can NOT use antibiotics that target the cell wall
chlamydia sp
*obligate INTRACELLULAR pathogens
*gram negative
*LPS with weak endotoxin activity
*MOMP and OMP2 are important proteins that we develop antibodies against
chlamydia - virulence factors
*weak LPS (endotoxin)
*outer membrane protein (MOMP) - defines serovars
*OMP2
chlamydia life cycle
- attach to host cell
- ingestion into the cell
- reorganization #1
- growth by binary fission
- reorganization #2 - into ELEMENTARY BODIES (infectious) - released from cell
- RETICULATE BODIES (non-infectious, metabolically active)
elementary bodies (EBs) - chlamydia
metabolically inactive, INFECTIOUS forms of chlamydia
reticulate bodies (RBs) - chlaymdia
metabolically ACTIVE, noninfectious forms of chlamydia
chlamydophila pneumoniae
*sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia
*transmitted via respiratory secretions
*causes atypical pneumonia (like mycoplasma pneumoniae)
*association with atherosclerosis?
presentations of chlamydia trachomatis
-trachoma
-adult inclusion conjunctivitis
-neonatal conjunctivitis
-infant pneumonia
-urogenital infections
-lymphogranuloma venereum
trachoma (a clinical presentation of chlamydia trachomatis)
chronic inflammatory granulomatous process of eye surface, leading to corneal ulceration, scarring, pannus formation, and blindness
*endemic in Africa, Middle East, South Asia, and South America
adult inclusion conjunctivitis (a clinical presentation of chlamydia trachomatis)
acute process with mucopurulent discharge, dermatitis, corneal infiltrates, and corneal vascularization in chronic disease
neonatal conjunctivitis (a clinical presentation of chlamydia trachomatis)
acute process characterized by mucopurulent discharge
infant pneumonia (a clinical presentation of chlamydia trachomatis)
after a 2-to-3 week incubation period, the infant develops rhinitis, followed by bronchitis with a characteristic dry cough
urogenital infections (a clinical presentation of chlamydia trachomatis)
acute process involving the genitourinary tract with characteristic mucopurulent discharge, asymptomatic infections common in women
*often cervicitis, urethritis (NGU), etc
lymphogranuloma venereum (a clinical presentation of chlamydia trachomatis)
a painless ulcer develops at the site of infection that spontaneously heals, followed by inflammation and swelling of lymph nodes draining the area, then progression to systemic symptoms
chlamydia - STD ranking
1 STD in the US
diagnosis of chlamydia
NAAT - looking for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and genital mycoplasma at the same time
