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Mega Step 1 Deck > Fungi I > Flashcards

Fungi I Flashcards

1
Q

what are fungi

A

*EUKARYOTIC organisms with nucleus, nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria

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2
Q

how do fungi differ from bacteria and animals

A

*very different from bacteria (lots of organelles)
*rigid cell wall (unlike humans)

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3
Q

mycoses

A

fungal infections

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4
Q

superficial fungal infections

A

*dermatomycoses / tineas
*infections that involve the skin or mucosa
*often due to fungi with low potential for invasion

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5
Q

invasive fungal infections

A

*deep fungal infections / deep mycoses
*infections that involve internal organs

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6
Q

filamentous fungi

A

*MOLDS
*grow as MULTINUCLEATE, BRANCHING HYPAE, forming a mycelium
*usually undergo asexual reproduction
*MULTICELLULAR

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7
Q

yeast

A

*grow as ovoid or spherical SNIGLE cells (UNICELLULAR)
*multiply by budding and division

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8
Q

dimorphic fungi

A

*form HYPHAE at environmental temperatures
*grow as YEAST in HUMAN host

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9
Q

what are the dimorphic fungi

A
  1. blastomyces
  2. coccidioides
  3. histoplasma
  4. paracoccidioides
  5. sporothrix
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10
Q

superficial fungal infections - overview

A

*very common
*target skin, hair, nails
*most often caused by dermatophytes
*dx based on clinical features / skin scrapings with KOH

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11
Q

examples of superficial fungal infections

A

-tinea corporis (ringworm)
-tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
-tinea cruris (jock itch)

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12
Q

invasive fungal infections (IFIs) - epidemiology

A

*some are acquired from environment (exogenous in origin)
*some are part of normal human flora (endogenous in origin)
*involve deep organs and/or bloodstream
*may be fatal
*human to human transmission is uncommon

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13
Q

endemic mycoses are aka

A

dimorphic fungi
*normally found in the environment

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14
Q

what are the best ways to differentiate between the dimorphic fungi

A
  1. geography
  2. appearance on stain
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15
Q

blastomycosis - causative agent

A

B dermatitidis

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16
Q

blastomycosis - geographic distribution

A

southeastern/south central US

17
Q

blastomycosis - acquisition

A

*INHALATION
*common in outdoor activities near decaying vegetation, moist soil, or body of water
*ex = chopping fire wood, clearing beaver dams

18
Q

blastomycosis - clinical features

A

*systemic pyrogranulomatous infection
*majority are SYMPTOMATIC
*causes acute or chronic pneumonia
*may disseminate to SKIN, BONE, and GU TRACT (PROSTATE)

19
Q

blastomycosis - diagnosis

A

*BROAD BUDDING YEAST on fungal smears
*confirm with culture
*also, urine and serum antigen detection

20
Q

histoplasmosis - causative agent

A

histoplama capsulatum

21
Q

histoplasmosis - geographic distribution

A

*ohio and mississippi river valleys

22
Q

histoplasmosis - acquisition

A

*INHALATION
*commonly associated with birds/bat droppings, and caves (spelunking)

23
Q

histoplasmosis - clinical features

A

*majority ASYMPTOMATIC
*pneumonia if symptomatic
*can disseminate (mouth, bone marrow, spleen)

24
Q

histoplasmosis - diagnosis

A

*HISTO HIDES - often found in macrophages or neutrophils
*small, NARROW BASED BUDDING on fungal stain
*confirm with culture
*also, urine and serum antigen tests

25
Q

coccidioidomycosis - causative agent

A

coccidioides immitis

26
Q

coccidioidomycosis - geographic distribution

A

southWESTERN US

27
Q

coccidioidomycosis - acquisition

A

*INHALATION
*commonly seen in disrupted soil/dirt (earthquakes, dust storms, archaeological digs)

28
Q

coccidioidomycosis - clinical features

A

~50/50 asymptomatic/symptomatic
*acute or chronic pneumonia
*ERYTHEMA NODOSUM (tender red bumps on shins)
*dissemination to skin, bones and joints, CNS

29
Q

coccidioidomycosis - diagnosis

A

*endospores with SPHERULES on fungal smears
*confirm with culture
*also, SEROLOGY

30
Q

sporotrichosis - diagnosis

A

*cigar-shaped yeast on fungal stain
*culture

31
Q

sporotrichosis - acquisition

A

*INOCULATION (landscapers, gardeners, etc)

32
Q

sporotrichosis - clinical features

A

*usually skin and soft tissue disease
*pyrogranulomatous tissue reaction

33
Q

paracoccidioidomycosis - geographic distribution

A

central and south america

34
Q

paracoccidioidomycosis - diagnosis

A

*PILOT WHEELS on fungal smear

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