Autoimmunity (Beaty) Flashcards
hypersensitivity
persistent, misdirected, or inadequately regulated immune reaction against variety of antigens, causing tissue injury
4 general principles of hypersensitivity
- susceptibility (inheritance of particular genes)
- triggers (exogenous and endogenous antigens)
- imbalance (between normal response and limiting control mechanisms)
- injury (result of inflammatory or poorly controlled immune mechanisms)
mast cells are inflammatory cells of what type of tissue
connective tissue
which autoimmune disease is a classic type III HSR
lupus (SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus)
what autoimmune disorder is a classic type IV HSR
type I diabetes
autoimmune diseases
immune-mediated damage to SELF tissues
*inability to distinguish self from non-self (loss of self-tolerance)
normal processes that allow for self-tolerance
- suppression by Tregs
- inhibition of activation
- death of self-reactive lymphocytes
requirements for diagnosis of autoimmune disease
- presence of an immune reaction specific for a SELF antigen
- evidence that immune reaction is PRIMARY pathogenic significance
- absence of other well-defined cause of the disease
pathogenesis of autoimmunity
*susceptibility genes (interfere with self-tolerance)
*triggers (host antigens recognized as non-self or foreign)
*lymphocytes enter tissue
*activation of self-reactive lymphocytes, leading to tissue damage
common clinical feature of autoimmunity
progressive with relapse and remissions
lab results of hyperthroidism
*elevated T3 and T4
*reduced TSH
what causes thyromegaly in HYPERthyroidism
hypertrophy and hyperplasia of thyroid cells because of antibodies to TSH receptors
lab results for hypothyroidism
*reduced T3 and T4
*elevated TSH
what causes thyromegaly in HYPOthyroidism
infiltration of lymphoid cells causing enlargement of the thyroid (chronic inflammation - type IV hypersensitivity)
systemic lupus erythematosus
systemic autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies produced against numerous self-antigens and the formation of immune complexes
systemic lupus erythematosus - clinical features
*erythema involving facial butterfly areas, extremities, and trunk
*urticaria, bullae, maculopapular lesion
*exposure to sunlight incites or accentuates the erythema
*fever
*pleuritic chest pain
*joint pain
*enlarged lymph nodes
systemic lupus erythematosus - HSR type
type III HSR (deposition of immune complexes)
Sjogren syndrome
autoimmune disease that causes destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease that affects the JOINTS
systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
autoimmune disease that causes widespread damage to small blood vessels and progressive collagenous fibrosis
what is the HLA gene associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
HLA-DR5
