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Mega Step 1 Deck > Immunology Overview > Flashcards

Immunology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

peripheral (secondary) immune system organs

A

lymph nodes & spleen
*where cells RESIDE

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2
Q

central (primary) lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow & thymus
*where immune cells are MADE

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3
Q

cells of adaptive immunity

A

lymphocytes (B & T cells)
plasma cells

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4
Q

cells of innate immunity

A

NK cells
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
dendritic cells
mast cells
monocytes
mast cells

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5
Q

dendritic cells

A

responsible for T cell activation and initiation of adaptive immune responses
*interaction between innate and adaptive immunity

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6
Q

lymphocytes

A

production of antibodies (B cells) or cytotoxic and helper functions (T cells)

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7
Q

plasma cells

A

fully differentiated form of B cell that secretes antibodies

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8
Q

natural killer cells

A

kills cells infected with certain viruses

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9
Q

neutrophils

A

phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms (especially BACTERIA)

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10
Q

eosinophils

A

killing of antibody-coated parasites through release of granule contents

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11
Q

basophils

A

controlling immune response to parasites

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12
Q

mast cells

A

expulsion of parasites from body through release of granules containing histamine and other active agents

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13
Q

monocytes

A

circulating precursor to macrophage

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14
Q

macrophage

A

phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms; activation of T cells and initiation of immune response

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15
Q

innate immunity

A

-physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes)
-cells (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells)
-complement
-rapid in onset
-antigen-nonspecific
-initiates events required for adaptive immune response

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16
Q

adaptive immunity

A

-cell mediated immunity (T cells)
-antibody producing B cells
-requires several days
-highly antigen-specific
-exhibits immunologic (antigen-specific) memory

17
Q

3 main functions of innate immunity

A
  1. initiate a rapid response against the pathogen
  2. limit the spread of infection
  3. initiate the adaptive immune response at secondary lymphoid site (e.g. draining a lymph node)
18
Q

complement system

A

an immune response system comprised by a series of plasma proteins produced by the liver

19
Q

key step of complement system

A

C3 convertase is the rate-limiting enzyme that converts C3 to C3a and C3b

20
Q

toll-like receptors

A

a family of cell surface proteins that are involved in the recognition of microbial pathogens and activation of the innate immune response
*stimulate dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production, leading to adaptive immune response

21
Q

B cell receptor (BCR) composition

A

composed of a heavy and a light chain
*aka antibodies

22
Q

T cell receptor (TCR) composition

A

composed of alpha and beta chains

23
Q

Th 1 cells express which cytokines

A

IL-2
Interferon-gamma
TNF-alpha

24
Q

IL-2

A

T cell proliferation

25
Q

interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha

A

macrophage activation
increased HLA expression

26
Q

Th2 cells express which cytokines

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-6
IL-10
IL-13

27
Q

IL-4

A

B cell activation
class switching to IgG1 and IgE

28
Q

IL-5

A

B cell activation; eosinophil growth and differentiation

29
Q

IL-6

A

B cell activation; enhances Th2 cell development

30
Q

IL-10

A

inhibits the generation of Th1 cells

31
Q

IL-13

A

B cell activation; class switching to IgG1 and IgE

32
Q

which immunoglobulin(s) enhance phagocytosis (opsonic)

A

IgG

33
Q

which immunoglobulin(s) neutralize toxins

A

IgM, IgG, IgA

34
Q

which immunoglobulin(s) prevent adherence of pathogens

A

IgM, IgG, IgA

35
Q

which immunoglobulin(s) activate classical complement system

A

IgM, IgG

36
Q

which immunoglobulin(s) can transport across the placenta

A

IgG

37
Q

which immunoglobulin(s) cause sensitization of mast cells in allergic responses

A

IgE

38
Q

which immunoglobulin(s) are active at mucosal surfaces

A

IgA, IgG

39
Q

which immunoglobulin(s) are antigen receptors on naive B cells

A

IgM, IgD

Mega Step 1 Deck (56 decks)

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