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1 Mega Step 1 Deck > Brainstem and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brainstem and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

development of the CNS - overview

A

neural tube -> primary brain vesicles -> secondary brain vesicles -> adult brain structures

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2
Q

prosencephalon (forebrain) forms what secondary brain vesicles?

A
  1. telencephalon
  2. diencephalon
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3
Q

mesencephalon (midbrain) forms what secondary brain vesicles?

A

mesencephalon

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4
Q

rhombencephalon (hindbrain) forms what secondary brain vesicles?

A
  1. metencephalon
  2. myelencephalon
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5
Q

telencephalon forms what adult brain structures?

A

cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres: cortex, white matter, basal nuclei)

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6
Q

diencephalon forms what adult brain structures?

A
  1. diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
  2. retina
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7
Q

mesencephalon forms what adult brain structures?

A

midbrain (part of brainstem)

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8
Q

metencephalon forms what adult brain structures?

A
  1. pons (part of brainstem)
  2. cerebellum
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9
Q

myelencephalon forms what adult brain structures?

A

medulla oblongata (part of brainstem)

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10
Q

where does the brainstem start and end?

A

extends from the midbrain-diencephalic junction to the cervicomedullary junction

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11
Q

tectum of midbrain

A

roof (region posterior/dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct)

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12
Q

tegmentum of the brainstem

A

floor of the brainstem (below the aqueduct)

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13
Q

reticular formation of the brainstem

A

a network of interconnected collections of neurons (nuclei) dispersed alongside long tracts descending and ascending the brainstem

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14
Q

internal components of the brainstem

A
  1. cranial nerves and nuclei
  2. long fiber tracts
  3. cerebellar circuitry
  4. reticular formation
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15
Q

recognizable features of the MIDBRAIN in cross-section

A

-anterior/ventral: cerebral peduncles
-posterior/dorsal: superior or inferior colliculi
-cerebral aqueduct

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16
Q

recognizable features of the PONS in cross-section

A

-anterior/ventral: bulging fibers (little belly)
-posterior/dorsal: 4th ventricle

17
Q

recognizable features of the MEDULLA in cross-section

A

-anterior/ventral: medullary pyramids & inferior olive
-posterior/dorsal: 4th ventricle CLOSES and gives way to the raised tubercle in the midline of the hypoglossal nerve

18
Q

functional components of cranial nerves - traditional view (7)

A
  1. GSA
  2. GVA
  3. GVE
  4. GSE
  5. SSA
  6. SVA
  7. SVE
19
Q

general somatic afferent (GSA) fibers

A

related to receptors for PAIN, TEMPERATURE, and mechanical receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints

20
Q

general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers

A

related to receptors in visceral structures

21
Q

general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers

A

preganglionic autonomic fibers

22
Q

general somatic efferent (GSE) fibers

A

innervate skeletal muscles (these are axons of alpha and gamma motor neurons)

23
Q

special somatic afferent (SSA) fibers

A

sight, hearing, equilibrium

24
Q

special visceral afferent (SVA) fibers

A

smell and taste

25
Q

special visceral efferent (SVE) fibers

A

innervate striated muscles known as the branchiomeric muscles (muscles of facial expression, phonation, mastication, and deglutition [swallowing])

26
Q

CN I - functional components

27
Q

CN II - functional components

28
Q

CN VIII - functional components

29
Q

taste is a part of which 3 nerves

A
  1. facial (CN VII)
  2. glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
  3. vagus (CN X)
30
Q

CN III - functional components

A

GSE / SE & GVE / VE

31
Q

CN IV - functional components

32
Q

CN VI - functional components

33
Q

CN XI - functional components

34
Q

CN XII - functional components

35
Q

CN V - functional components

A

mixed general functions (general sensory and general motor)

36
Q

CN VII - functional components

A
  1. motor fibers
  2. taste fibers
  3. parasympathetic fibers
  4. general sensory fibers
37
Q

CN IX - functional components

A
  1. motor fibers
  2. taste fibers
  3. parasympathetic fibers
  4. general sensory fibers
38
Q

CN X - functional components

A
  1. motor fibers
  2. taste fibers
  3. parasympathetic fibers
  4. general sensory fibers

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