Fever and Rash Viruses Flashcards
molluscum contagiosum structure - nucleic acid
large dsDNA, linear
molluscum contagiosum structure
enveloped, complex morphology, HUGE
molluscum contagiosum replication
replicated in cytoplasm
molluscum contagiosum clinical course
flesh-colored papule with central umbilication (“wart” but not a wart)
molluscum contagiosum treatment
supportive care and IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION (treatment of underlying HIV)
variola (smallpox) structure - nucleic acid
large dsDNA, linear
variola (smallpox) structure
enveloped, complex morphology, HUGE
variola (smallpox) replication
replicated in cytoplasm
variola (smallpox) clinical course
flu-like prodrome, followed by a SYNCHRONOUS vesicular rash (all vesicles in same stage, unlike chicken pox)
variola (smallpox) vaccine
live, attenuated vaccine (not safe for immunocompromised or pregnant)
Mpox (monkeypox) structure - nucleic acid
large dsDNA, linear
Mpox (monkeypox) structure
enveloped, complex morphology, HUGE
Mpox (monkeypox) clinical course
*enanthem (lesions in mouth first sometimes)
*macules to papules to vesicles 1-2 days, then pustules at 5-7 days, then scabs 7-14 days
*rash is PAINFUL
*lesions are firm or rubbery
Mpox (monkeypox) treatment
tecovirimat (TPOXX)
Mpox (monkeypox) vaccine
live non-replicating attenuating virus JYNNEOS
Parvovirus B19 structure - nucleic acid
ssDNA, linear
Parvovirus B19 structure
naked, icosahedral (very small)
Parvovirus B19 entry
receptor is the P antigen on RBCs
Parvovirus B19 clinical complications
1) aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell (because it causes lysis of progenitor RBCs)
2) hydrops fetalis and fetal anemia, possible spontaneous abortion, in pregnant women
Parvovirus B19 clinical course - kids
childhood exanthem:
*“slapped cheek” or “fifth disease”
*flu-like symptoms
*raised, indurated facial rash, avoiding the mouth
Parvovirus B19 clinical course - adults
rash and ARTHRALGIAS due to immune complexes in skin and joints
dengue virus structure - nucleic acid
ss(+) RNA, linear
dengue virus structure
enveloped, icosahedral
dengue virus epidemiology and transmission
reservoir = monkeys & humans
vector = mosquitoes
dengue virus clinical course
*BREAKBONE FEVER:
-rash
-muscle and joint pain
-retro-orbital headache
-high fever
dengue virus CBC results
thrombocytopenia and leukopenia
dengue virus testing
*PCR detection
*antibody test
dengue virus vaccine
*live attenuated tetravalent chimeric vaccine
*only give if confirmed PREVIOUS DENGUE INFECTION and living in endemic area
why do we only vaccinate those who have already had dengue
ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT causes subsequent infection with a different serotype to lead to more severe disease, including hemorrhagic fever and death
yellow fever virus structure - nucleic acid
ss(+) RNA, linear
yellow fever virus structure
enveloped, icosahedral
yellow fever virus reservoir and vector
reservoir = monkeys and humans
vector = mosquitoes
yellow fever virus clinical course
*JAUNDICE due to liver damage
*high fever
*back pain
*black vomitus
*bloody stools
*GI
*liver/kidney/heart damage
yellow fever virus vaccine
live attenuated vaccine
zika virus structure - nucleic acid
ss(+) RNA, linear
zika virus structure
enveloped, icosahedral
zika virus transmission and epidemiology
reservoir = vertebrates
vector = mosquitoes
*also, sexual and vertical transmission
zika virus clinical course (normal)
*fever
*itchy rash
*arthralgia
*joint pain
*conjunctivitis
zika virus clinical course - congenital
microcephaly and fetal demise
zika virus testing
*PCR detection
*antibody test
rubella virus structure - nucleic acid
ss(+) RNA, linear
rubella virus structure
enveloped, icosahedral
rubella virus transmission
respiratory droplets
rubella virus clinical course
“German Measles”:
*erythematous rash starts on face, proceeds to trunk, does not coalesce
congenital rubella syndrome
fetus with cataracts, heart defects, developmental delays, hearing loss
rubella virus testing
antibody testing
rubella virus vaccine
live attenuated “MMR” vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella)
measles virus structure - nucleic acid
ss(-) RNA, linear, non-segmented
measles virus structure
enveloped, helical nucleocapsid
measles virus replication
(-) RNA, so needs a viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase protein that is virion associated
measles virus transmission
respiratory droplets
measles virus clinical course
“4 C’s”
1. cough
2. coryza (runny nose)
3. conjunctivitis
4. Koplik spots (on buccal mucosae)
FOLLOWED BY RASH FROM HEAD DOWN (“paint poured on head”
*becomes confluent
measles virus treatment
VITAMIN A
otherwise, supportive tx
measles virus vaccine
live attenuated MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella)
mumps virus structure - nucleic acid
ss(-) RNA, linear, non-segmented
mumps virus structure
enveloped, helical nucleocapsid
mumps virus replication
(-) RNA, so needs a viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase protein that is virion associated
mumps virus transmission
respiratory droplets
mumps virus clinical course
*bilateral parotitis
*fever, headache, malaise
COMPLICATIONS:
*orchitis (testicular inflammation)
*pancreatitis
*meningoencephalitis
mumps virus vaccine
live attenuated MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella)
ebola virus structure - nucleic acid
ss(-) RNA, linear
ebola virus structure
enveloped, helical, with filamentous morphology
ebola virus replication
(-) RNA, so needs a viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase protein that is virion associated
ebola virus transmission
contact with bodily fluids, fomites, dead bodies, infected bats/monkeys/apes
ebola virus clinical course
*flu-like illness
*fatigue, headaches
*vomiting/diarrhea
*bleeding by stool/mucosa
*can have massive hemorrhage, shock
ebola virus vaccine
single dose Ervebo vaccine (live)
